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comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator

(Removed) Demodulate using rectangular QAM signal constellation

comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator has been removed. Use qamdemod instead. For more information, see Version History.

Description

The RectangularQAMDemodulator object demodulates a signal that was modulated using quadrature amplitude modulation with a constellation on a rectangular lattice.

To demodulate a signal that was modulated using quadrature amplitude modulation:

  1. Define and set up your rectangular QAM demodulator object. See Construction.

  2. Call step to demodulate the signal according to the properties of comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator. The behavior of step is specific to each object in the toolbox.

Note

Starting in R2016b, instead of using the step method to perform the operation defined by the System object™, you can call the object with arguments, as if it were a function. For example, y = step(obj,x) and y = obj(x) perform equivalent operations.

Construction

H = comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator creates a demodulator System object, H. This object demodulates the input signal using the rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) method.

H = comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator(Name,Value) creates a rectangular QAM demodulator object, H, with each specified property set to the specified value. You can specify additional name-value pair arguments in any order as (Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN).

H = comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator(M,Name,Value) creates a rectangular QAM demodulator object, H. This object has the ModulationOrder property set to M, and the other specified properties set to the specified values.

Properties

ModulationOrder

Number of points in signal constellation

Specify the number of points in the signal constellation as scalar value with a positive, integer power of two. The default is 16.

PhaseOffset

Phase offset of constellation

Specify the phase offset of the signal constellation, in radians, as a real scalar value. The default is 0.

BitOutput

Output data as bits

Specify whether the output consists of groups of bits or integer symbol values. When you set this property to true the step method outputs a column vector of bit values whose length equals log2(ModulationOrder) times the number of demodulated symbols. When you set this property to false, the step method outputs a column vector with a length equal to the input data vector. This vector contains integer symbol values between 0 and ModulationOrder-1. The default is false.

SymbolMapping

Constellation encoding

Specify how the object maps an integer or group of log2(ModulationOrder) bits to the corresponding symbol as one of Binary | Gray | Custom. The default is Gray. When you set this property to Gray, the object uses a Gray-coded signal constellation. When you set this property to Binary, the object uses a natural binary-coded constellation. When you set this property to Custom, the object uses the signal constellation defined in the CustomSymbolMapping property.

CustomSymbolMapping

Custom constellation encoding

Specify a custom constellation symbol mapping vector. The default is 0:15. This property is a row or column vector with a size of ModulationOrder and with unique integer values in the range [0, ModulationOrder-1]. The values must be of data type double. The first element of this vector corresponds to the top-leftmost point of the constellation, with subsequent elements running down column-wise, from left to right. The last element corresponds to the bottom-rightmost point. This property applies when you set the SymbolMapping property to Custom.

NormalizationMethod

Constellation normalization method

Specify the method used to normalize the signal constellation as Minimum distance between symbols | Average power | Peak power. The default is Minimum distance between symbols.

MinimumDistance

Minimum distance between symbols

Specify the distance between two nearest constellation points as a positive, real, numeric scalar value. The default is 2. This property applies when you set the NormalizationMethod property to Minimum distance between symbols.

AveragePower

Average power of constellation

Specify the average power of the symbols in the constellation as a positive, real, numeric scalar value. The default is 1. This property applies when you set the NormalizationMethod property to Average power.

PeakPower

Peak power of constellation

Specify the maximum power of the symbols in the constellation as a positive, real, numeric scalar value. The default is 1. This property applies when you set the NormalizationMethod property to Peak power.

DecisionMethod

Demodulation decision method

Specify the decision method the object uses as Hard decision | Log-likelihood ratio | Approximate log-likelihood ratio. The default is Hard decision. When you set the BitOutput property to false the object always performs hard-decision demodulation. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true.

VarianceSource

Source of noise variance

Specify the source of the noise variance as Property | Input port. The default is Property. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio.

Variance

Noise variance

Specify the variance of the noise as a positive, real scalar value. The default is 1. If this value is very small (i.e., SNR is very high), log-likelihood ratio (LLR) computations may yield Inf or -Inf. This result occurs because the LLR algorithm computes the exponential of very large or very small numbers using finite-precision arithmetic. In such cases, using approximate LLR is recommended because its algorithm does not compute exponentials. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true, the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio, and the VarianceSource property to Property. This property is tunable.

OutputDataType

Data type of output

Specify the output data type as Full precision | Smallest unsigned integer | double | single | int8 | uint8 | int16 | uint16 | int32 | uint32. The default is Full precision.

This property applies only when you set the BitOutput property to false or when you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Hard decision. In this case, when the OutputDataType property is set to Full precision, and the input data type is single- or double-precision, the output data has the same data type as the input.

When the input data is of a fixed-point type, the output data type behaves as if you had set the OutputDataType property to Smallest unsigned integer.

When you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Hard Decision, then logical data type becomes a valid option.

When you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio, the output data type is the same as that of the input. In this case, that data type can only be single- or double-precision.

 Fixed-Point Properties

Methods

constellation(Removed) Calculate or plot ideal signal constellation
step(Removed) Demodulate using rectangular QAM method
Common to All System Objects
release

Allow System object property value changes

More About

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Algorithms

This object implements the algorithm, inputs, and outputs described on the Rectangular QAM Demodulator Baseband block reference page. The object properties correspond to the block parameters.

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2012a

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R2024a: Removed

comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator will be removed in a future release. Use qamdemod instead.

Constellation normalization by PeakPower and AveragePower (other than unit average power) as supported by comm.RectangularQAMModulator and comm.RectangularQAMDemodulator is not inherently provided by functions. To perform peak power and average power normalization using qammod and qamdemod functions, you can use these utility functions to scale symbols from peak or average power normalization to minimum distance normalization.

function minD = pkPow2MinD(pkPow,M)
% Peak power to minimum distance
    nBits = log2(M);
    if (mod(nBits,2)==0)
        % Square QAM
        sf = 0.5*M - sqrt(M) + 0.5;
    else
        % Cross QAM
        mBy32 = M/32;
        if (nBits > 4)
            sf = (13 * mBy32) - (5 * sqrt(mBy32)) + 0.5;
        else
            sf = (20 * mBy32) - (6 * sqrt(mBy32)) + 0.5;
        end
    end
    minD = sqrt(pkPow/sf);
end

function minD = avgPow2MinD(avgPow,M)
% Average power to minimum distance
    nBits = log2(M);
    if (mod(nBits,2)==0)
        % Square QAM
        sf = (M - 1)/6;
    else
        % Cross QAM
        if (nBits > 4)
            sf = ((31 * M / 32) - 1) / 6;
        else
            sf = ((5 * M / 4) - 1) / 6;
        end
    end
    minD = sqrt(avgPow/sf);
end

 Peak Power Normalization for Hard Decision

 Average Power Normalization for Hard Decision

 Peak Power Normalization for Approximate LLR

 Average Power Normalization for Approximate LLR

 Peak Power Normalization for LLR

 Average Power Normalization for LLR