how to convert a grayscale image to binary sequence

I'm research on watermarking. I want to convert a grayscale image MxN pixel (a pixel value 0~255)in to a binary sequence and permute it to embed this sequence into another image. after i can extract this sequence and restore to original grayscale image. What should i do. Please help me.

[Khulood Malek]

Image of cemeraman how to obtain the binary image from the original images and plot it

[Image Analyst]

Khulood, if you'll search my Answer below you'll see a variable called binaryImage and how I get it via thresholding.

Answer 1

[Image Analyst]

Here's my LSB watermarking demo:

% Demo to watermark an image by hiding another image in a certain bit
% plane.  Sometimes called "LSB Watermarking" or something similar.
% User is asked which bit plane they want to hide the image in.

clc;    % Clear the command window.
close all;  % Close all figures (except those of imtool.)
imtool close all;  % Close all imtool figures.
clear;  % Erase all existing variables.
workspace;  % Make sure the workspace panel is showing.
fontSize = 12;

% Read in the image what will have another image hidden into it.
baseFileName='moon.tif';
% baseFileName='cameraman.tif';
folder = fullfile(matlabroot, '\toolbox\images\imdemos');
% Get the full filename, with path prepended.
fullFileName = fullfile(folder, baseFileName);
if ~exist(fullFileName, 'file')
  % Didn't find it there.  Check the search path for it.
  fullFileName = baseFileName; % No path this time.
  if ~exist(fullFileName, 'file')
    % Still didn't find it.  Alert user.
    errorMessage = sprintf('Error: %s does not exist.', fullFileName);
    uiwait(warndlg(errorMessage));
    return;
  end
end
originalImage = imread(fullFileName);

% Get the number of rows and columns in the original image.
[visibleRows visibleColumns numberOfColorChannels] = size(originalImage);
if numberOfColorChannels > 1
  % If it's color, extract the red channel.
  originalImage = originalImage(:,:,1);
end

% Display the original gray scale image.
subplot(3, 3, 4);
imshow(originalImage, []);
title('Original Grayscale Starting Image', 'FontSize', fontSize);
% Enlarge figure to full screen.
set(gcf, 'units','normalized','outerposition',[0 0 1 1]);
set(gcf,'name','Demo by ImageAnalyst','numbertitle','off') 

% read the message image you want to hide in the cover image
baseFileName='cameraman.tif';
% baseFileName='moon.tif';
% Get the full filename, with path prepended.
fullFileName = fullfile(folder, baseFileName);
if ~exist(fullFileName, 'file')
  % Didn't find it there.  Check the search path for it.
  fullFileName = baseFileName; % No path this time.
  if ~exist(fullFileName, 'file')
    % Still didn't find it.  Alert user.
    errorMessage = sprintf('Error: %s does not exist.', fullFileName);
    uiwait(warndlg(errorMessage));
    return;
  end
end
hiddenImage = imread(fullFileName);
% Get the number of rows and columns in the hidden image.
[hiddenRows hiddenColumns numberOfColorChannels] = size(hiddenImage);
if numberOfColorChannels > 1
  % If it's color, extract the red channel.
  hiddenImage = hiddenImage(:,:,1);
end
% Display the image.
subplot(3, 3, 1);
imshow(hiddenImage, []);
title('Image to be Hidden', 'FontSize', fontSize);

% Let's compute and display the histogram.
[pixelCount grayLevels] = imhist(hiddenImage);
subplot(3, 3, 2); 
bar(pixelCount);
title('Histogram of image to be hidden', 'FontSize', fontSize);
xlim([0 grayLevels(end)]); % Scale x axis manually.
grid on;

thresholdValue = 70;
binaryImage = hiddenImage < thresholdValue;
% Display the image.
subplot(3, 3, 3);
imshow(binaryImage, []);
caption = sprintf('Hidden Image Thresholded at %d', thresholdValue);
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);

% Get the bit plane to hide the image in.
prompt = 'Enter the bit plane you want to hide the image in (1 - 8) ';
dialogTitle = 'Enter Bit Plane to Replace';
numberOfLines = 1;
defaultResponse = {'6'};
bitToSet = str2double(cell2mat(inputdlg(prompt, dialogTitle, numberOfLines, defaultResponse)));

% If image to be hidden is bigger than the original image, scale it down.
if hiddenRows > visibleRows || hiddenColumns > visibleColumns
  amountToShrink = min([visibleRows / hiddenRows, visibleColumns / hiddenColumns]);
  binaryImage = imresize(binaryImage, amountToShrink);
  % Need to update the number of rows and columns.
  [hiddenRows hiddenColumns] = size(binaryImage);
end

% Tile the hiddenImage, if it's smaller, so that it will cover the original image.
if hiddenRows < visibleRows || hiddenColumns < visibleColumns
  watermark = zeros(size(originalImage), 'uint8');
  for column = 1:visibleColumns
    for row = 1:visibleRows
      watermark(row, column) = binaryImage(mod(row,hiddenRows)+1, mod(column,hiddenColumns)+1);
    end
  end
  % Crop it to the same size as the original image.
  watermark = watermark(1:visibleRows, 1:visibleColumns);
else
  % Watermark is the same size as the original image.
  watermark = binaryImage;
end
% Display the thresholded binary image - the watermark alone.
subplot(3, 3, 5);
imshow(watermark, []);
caption = sprintf('Hidden Image\nto be Inserted into Bit Plane %d', bitToSet);
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);

% Set the bit of originalImage(a copy, actually) to the value of the watermark.
watermarkedImage = originalImage; % Initialize
for column = 1 : visibleColumns
  for row = 1 : visibleRows
    watermarkedImage(row, column) = bitset(originalImage(row, column), bitToSet, watermark(row, column));
  end
end

% Display the image.
subplot(3, 3, 6);
imshow(watermarkedImage, []);
caption = sprintf('Final Watermarked Image\nwithout added Noise');
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);

% add noise to watermarked image
noisyWatermarkedImage = imnoise(watermarkedImage,'gaussian', 0, 0.0005);

% Display the image.
subplot(3, 3, 7);
imshow(noisyWatermarkedImage, []);
caption = sprintf('Watermarked Image\nwith added Noise');
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);

%====================================================================================
% Now let's pretend we are starting with the watermarked noisy corrupted image.
% We want to recover the watermark.

% Use the known bitplane of watermarked image to recover the watermark.
recoveredWatermark = zeros(size(noisyWatermarkedImage));
recoveredNoisyWatermark = zeros(size(noisyWatermarkedImage));
for column = 1:visibleColumns
  for row = 1:visibleRows
    recoveredWatermark(row, column) = bitget(watermarkedImage(row, column), bitToSet);
    recoveredNoisyWatermark(row, column) = bitget(noisyWatermarkedImage(row, column), bitToSet);
  end
end

% Scale the recovered watermark to 0=255
recoveredWatermark = uint8(255 * recoveredWatermark);
recoveredNoisyWatermark = uint8(255 * recoveredNoisyWatermark);

% Display the images.
subplot(3, 3, 8);
imshow(recoveredWatermark, []);
caption = sprintf('Watermark Recovered\nfrom Bit Plane %d of\nNoise-Free Watermarked Image', bitToSet);
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);
% Display the images.
subplot(3, 3, 9);
imshow(recoveredNoisyWatermark, []);
caption = sprintf('Watermark Recovered\nfrom Bit Plane %d of\nNoisy Watermarked Image', bitToSet);
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);
msgbox('Done with demo!');

Answer 2

[Lokesh Ravindranathan]

For converting image into binary sequence,

use the function im2bw http://www.mathworks.com/help/images/ref/im2bw.html

For permutation use the following code

 permute(reshape(I, numel(I), 1))

Use the permuted image for embedding.

[Image Analyst]

You don't need to call permute() and reshape() - simply do I(:). But I don't think that's what he wants.

Answer 3

[Ali nafaa]

x = imread('cameraman.tif');

figure,imshow(x);

[r,c] = size (x);

output=zeros(r,c);

for i = 1 : r

for j = 1 : c

if x(i,j) > 128

output(i,j)=1;

else

output(i,j)=0;

end

end

end

figure,imshow(output);

[Image Analyst]

But this does not show how to "embed this sequence into another image" (in other words steganography).

[Ali nafaa]

create a new Image Array with the same number of rows and columns as original image array, containing all elements as zero.

[Image Analyst]

Yes, that's what your call to zeros() does. But where does the data hiding (embedding) come about in your code?