sqlouterjoin
Outer join between two database tables
Syntax
Description
returns a table resulting from an outer join between the left and right database
tables. This function matches rows using all shared columns, or keys, in both
database tables. The outer join retains the matched and unmatched rows between the
two tables. Executing this function is the equivalent of writing the SQL statement
data
= sqlouterjoin(conn
,lefttable
,righttable
)SELECT * FROM lefttable,righttable OUTER JOIN lefttable.key =
righttable.key
.
uses additional options specified by one or more name-value arguments. For example,
specify data
= sqlouterjoin(conn
,lefttable
,righttable
,Name,Value
)Keys = "productNumber"
to use the
productNumber
column as a key for joining the two database
tables.
Examples
Join Two Database Tables
Use an ODBC connection to import product data from an outer join between two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. The sqlouterjoin
function automatically detects the shared column between the tables.
data
is a table that contains the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables.
lefttable = 'productTable'; righttable = 'suppliers'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable);
Display the first three rows of joined data. The columns from the right table appear to the right of the columns from the left table.
head(data,3)
ans = 3×10 table productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ ______________ _________________ __________ ________________ ______________ 1 4.0035e+05 1001 14 'Building Blocks' 1001 'Wonder Products' 'New York' 'United States' '212 435 1617' 2 4.0031e+05 1002 9 'Painting Set' 1002 'Terrific Toys' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 456 9345' 3 4.01e+05 1009 17 'Slinky' 1009 'Doll's Galore' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 222 2397'
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Join Two Database Tables in Catalog and Schema
Use an ODBC connection to import product data from an outer join between two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Specify the database catalog and schema where the tables are stored.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. The sqlouterjoin
function automatically detects the shared column between the tables. Specify the toy_store
catalog and the dbo
schema for both the left and right tables. Use the 'LeftCatalog'
and 'LeftSchema'
name-value pair arguments for the left table, and the 'RightCatalog'
and 'RightSchema'
name-value pair arguments for the right table.
data
is a table that contains the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables.
lefttable = 'productTable'; righttable = 'suppliers'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'LeftCatalog','toy_store', ... 'LeftSchema','dbo','RightCatalog','toy_store','RightSchema','dbo');
Display the first three rows of joined data. The columns from the right table appear to the right of the columns from the left table.
head(data,3)
ans = 3×10 table productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ ______________ _________________ __________ ________________ ______________ 1 4.0035e+05 1001 14 'Building Blocks' 1001 'Wonder Products' 'New York' 'United States' '212 435 1617' 2 4.0031e+05 1002 9 'Painting Set' 1002 'Terrific Toys' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 456 9345' 3 4.01e+05 1009 17 'Slinky' 1009 'Doll's Galore' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 222 2397'
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Specify Key for Joining Two Database Tables
Use an ODBC connection to import joined product data from two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Specify the key to use for joining the tables.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. Specify the key, or shared column, between the tables using the 'Keys'
name-value pair argument.
data
is a table that contains the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables.
lefttable = 'productTable'; righttable = 'suppliers'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'Keys','supplierNumber');
Display the first three rows of joined data. The columns from the right table appear to the right of the columns from the left table.
head(data,3)
ans = 3×10 table productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ ______________ _________________ __________ ________________ ______________ 1 4.0035e+05 1001 14 'Building Blocks' 1001 'Wonder Products' 'New York' 'United States' '212 435 1617' 2 4.0031e+05 1002 9 'Painting Set' 1002 'Terrific Toys' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 456 9345' 3 4.01e+05 1009 17 'Slinky' 1009 'Doll's Galore' 'London' 'United Kingdom' '44 222 2397'
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Join Data Using Left and Right Keys
Use an ODBC connection to import employee data from an outer join between two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Specify the left and right keys for the join.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables employees
and departments
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, employees
and departments
, to find the managers for particular departments. The employees
table is the left table of the join, and the departments
table is the right table of the join. Here, the column names of the keys are different. Specify the MANAGER_ID
key in the left table using the 'LeftKeys'
name-value pair argument. Specify the DEPT_MANAGER_ID
key in the right table using the 'RightKeys'
name-value pair argument.
data
is a table that contains the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables.
lefttable = 'employees'; righttable = 'departments'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'LeftKeys','MANAGER_ID', ... 'RightKeys','DEPT_MANAGER_ID');
Display the last three unmatched rows of joined data. Display the last five variables of the joined data.
tail(data(:,end-4:end),3)
ans = 3×5 table DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_ID_1 DEPARTMENT_NAME DEPT_MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID _____________ _______________ _________________ _______________ ___________ NaN 230 'IT Helpdesk' NaN 1700 NaN 40 'Human Resources' 203 2400 NaN 10 'Administration' 200 1700
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Create Right Join Using Left and Right Keys
Use an ODBC connection to import joined employee data from two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Create a right join and specify the left and right keys for the join.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables employees
and departments
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, employees
and departments
, to find the managers for particular departments. The employees
table is the left table of the join, and the departments
table is the right table of the join. Here, the column names of the keys are different. Specify the MANAGER_ID
key in the left table using the 'LeftKeys'
name-value pair argument. Specify the DEPT_MANAGER_ID
key in the right table using the 'RightKeys'
name-value pair argument. Create a right join using the 'Type'
name-value pair argument.
lefttable = 'employees'; righttable = 'departments'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'LeftKeys','MANAGER_ID', ... 'RightKeys','DEPT_MANAGER_ID','Type','right');
data
is a table that contains the matched rows from the two tables and the unmatched rows from the right table only.
Display the last three unmatched rows of joined data. Display the last five variables of the joined data.
tail(data(:,end-4:end),3)
ans = 3×5 table DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_ID_1 DEPARTMENT_NAME DEPT_MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID _____________ _______________ _______________ _______________ ___________ NaN 250 'Retail Sales' NaN 1700 NaN 260 'Recruiting' NaN 1700 NaN 270 'Payroll' NaN 1700
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Limit Number of Rows in Joined Data
Use an ODBC connection to import joined product data from two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Specify the number of rows to return.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. The sqlouterjoin
function automatically detects the shared column between the tables. Specify the number of rows to return using the 'MaxRows'
name-value pair argument.
lefttable = 'productTable'; righttable = 'suppliers'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'MaxRows',3)
data = 3×10 table productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ ______________ _____________________________ ___________ _______________ _______________ 7 3.8912e+05 1007 16 'Engine Kit' 1007 'Garvin's Electrical Gizmos' 'Wellesley' 'United States' '617 919 3456' 8 2.1257e+05 1001 5 'Train Set' 1001 'Wonder Products' 'New York' 'United States' '212 435 1617' 9 1.2597e+05 1003 13 'Victorian Doll' 1003 'Wacky Widgets' 'Adelaide' 'Australia' '618 8490 2211'
data
is a table that contains three of the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables. The columns from the right table appear to the right of the columns from the left table.
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Preserve Variable Names in Joined Data
Import joined product data from two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB® by using an ODBC connection. One of the tables contains a variable name with a non-ASCII character. When importing data, preserve the names of all the variables.
Create an ODBC database connection to an SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank user name and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = "MSSQLServerAuth"; conn = database(datasource,"","");
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Add a column to the database table productTable
. The column name contains a non-ASCII character.
sqlquery = "ALTER TABLE productTable ADD tamaño varchar(30)";
execute(conn,sqlquery)
Join two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. The sqlouterjoin
function automatically detects the shared column between the tables. Specify the number of rows to return using the 'MaxRows'
name-value pair argument.
lefttable = 'productTable'; righttable = 'suppliers'; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'MaxRows',3)
data=3×11 table
productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription tama_o SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber
_____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ __________ ______________ _______________________________ _____________ _________________ _________________
7 3.8912e+05 1007 16 {'Engine Kit' } {0×0 char} 1007 {'Garvin's Electrical Gizmos'} {'Wellesley'} {'United States'} {'617 919 3456' }
8 2.1257e+05 1001 5 {'Train Set' } {0×0 char} 1001 {'Wonder Products' } {'New York' } {'United States'} {'212 435 1617' }
9 1.2597e+05 1003 13 {'Victorian Doll'} {0×0 char} 1003 {'Wacky Widgets' } {'Adelaide' } {'Australia' } {'618 8490 2211'}
data
is a table that contains three of the matched rows from the two tables. The sqlouterjoin
function converts the name of the new variable into ASCII characters.
Preserve the name of the variable that contains the non-ASCII character by specifying the VariableNamingRule
name-value pair argument. Import the data again.
data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'MaxRows',3, ... 'VariableNamingRule',"preserve")
data=3×11 table
productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription tamaño SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber
_____________ ___________ ______________ ________ __________________ __________ ______________ _______________________________ _____________ _________________ _________________
7 3.8912e+05 1007 16 {'Engine Kit' } {0×0 char} 1007 {'Garvin's Electrical Gizmos'} {'Wellesley'} {'United States'} {'617 919 3456' }
8 2.1257e+05 1001 5 {'Train Set' } {0×0 char} 1001 {'Wonder Products' } {'New York' } {'United States'} {'212 435 1617' }
9 1.2597e+05 1003 13 {'Victorian Doll'} {0×0 char} 1003 {'Wacky Widgets' } {'Adelaide' } {'Australia' } {'618 8490 2211'}
The sqlouterjoin
function preserves the non-ASCII character in the variable name.
Close the database connection.
close(conn)
Filter Rows in Joined Data
Use an ODBC connection to import product data from an outer join between two Microsoft® SQL Server® database tables into MATLAB®. Specify the row filter condition to use for joining the tables.
Create an ODBC database connection to a Microsoft SQL Server database with Windows® authentication. Specify a blank username and password. The database contains the tables productTable
and suppliers
.
datasource = 'MS SQL Server Auth'; conn = database(datasource,'','');
Check the database connection. If the Message
property is empty, then the connection is successful.
conn.Message
ans = []
Join the two database tables, productTable
and suppliers
. The productTable
table is the left table of the join, and the suppliers
table is the right table of the join. The sqlouterjoin
function automatically detects the shared column between the tables. The table data
contains the matched and unmatched rows from the two tables..
lefttable = "productTable"; righttable = "suppliers"; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable);
Display the first five rows of matched data. The columns from the right table appear to the right of the columns from the left table.
head(data,5)
productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ ___________________ ______________ ___________________________ ____________ __________________ ________________ 1 4.0034e+05 1001 14 {'Building Blocks'} 1001 {'Wonder Products' } {'New York'} {'United States' } {'212 435 1617'} 2 4.0031e+05 1002 9 {'Painting Set' } 1002 {'Terrific Toys' } {'London' } {'United Kingdom'} {'44 456 9345' } 3 4.01e+05 1009 17 {'Slinky' } 1009 {'Doll's Galore' } {'London' } {'United Kingdom'} {'44 222 2397' } 4 4.0034e+05 1008 21 {'Space Cruiser' } 1008 {'The Great Train Company'} {'Nashua' } {'United States' } {'403 121 3478'} 5 4.0046e+05 1005 3 {'Tin Soldier' } 1005 {'Custers Tin Soldiers' } {'Boston' } {'United States' } {'617 939 1234'}
Join the same tables, but this time use a row filter. The filter condition is that unitCost
must be less than 15. Again, display the first five rows of matched data.
rf = rowfilter("unitCost"); rf = rf.unitCost < 15; data = sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,"RowFilter",rf); head(data,5)
productNumber stockNumber supplierNumber unitCost productDescription SupplierNumber SupplierName City Country FaxNumber _____________ ___________ ______________ ________ ___________________ ______________ ________________________ ____________ __________________ ________________ 1 4.0034e+05 1001 14 {'Building Blocks'} 1001 {'Wonder Products' } {'New York'} {'United States' } {'212 435 1617'} 2 4.0031e+05 1002 9 {'Painting Set' } 1002 {'Terrific Toys' } {'London' } {'United Kingdom'} {'44 456 9345' } 5 4.0046e+05 1005 3 {'Tin Soldier' } 1005 {'Custers Tin Soldiers'} {'Boston' } {'United States' } {'617 939 1234'} 6 4.0088e+05 1004 8 {'Sail Boat' } 1004 {'Incredible Machines' } {'Dublin' } {'Ireland' } {'01 222 3456' } 8 2.1257e+05 1001 5 {'Train Set' } 1001 {'Wonder Products' } {'New York'} {'United States' } {'212 435 1617'}
Input Arguments
conn
— Database connection
connection
object
Database connection, specified as an ODBC connection
object or JDBC connection
object created using the
database
function.
lefttable
— Left table
character vector | string scalar
Left table, specified as a character vector or string scalar. Specify the name of the database table on the left side of the join.
Example: 'inventoryTable'
Data Types: char
| string
righttable
— Right table
character vector | string scalar
Right table, specified as a character vector or string scalar. Specify the name of the database table on the right side of the join.
Example: 'productTable'
Data Types: char
| string
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Example: data =
sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,'Type','left','MaxRows',5)
performs an outer left join between left and right tables and returns five rows of
the joined data.
LeftCatalog
— Left catalog
character vector | string scalar
Left catalog, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'LeftCatalog'
and a character vector or string scalar. Specify the database catalog name where the left table of the join is stored.
Example: 'LeftCatalog','toy_store'
Data Types: char
| string
RightCatalog
— Right catalog
character vector | string scalar
Right catalog, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of
'RightCatalog'
and a character vector or string scalar. Specify
the database catalog name where the right table of the join is stored.
Example: 'RightCatalog','toy_store'
Data Types: char
| string
LeftSchema
— Left schema
character vector | string scalar
Left schema, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting
of 'LeftSchema'
and a character
vector or string scalar. Specify the database schema
name where the left table of the join is
stored.
Example: 'LeftSchema','dbo'
Data Types: char
| string
RightSchema
— Right schema
character vector | string scalar
Right schema, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of
'RightSchema'
and a character vector or string scalar. Specify
the database schema name where the right table of the join is stored.
Example: 'RightSchema','dbo'
Data Types: char
| string
Keys
— Keys
character vector | string scalar | cell array of character vectors | string array
Keys, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Keys'
and a
character vector, string scalar, cell array of character vectors, or string array.
Specify a character vector or string scalar to indicate one key. For multiple keys,
specify a cell array of character vectors or a string array. Use this name-value pair
argument to identify the shared keys (columns) between the two tables to join.
You cannot use this name-value pair argument with the 'LeftKeys'
and 'RightKeys'
name-value pair arguments.
Example: 'Keys','MANAGER_ID'
Data Types: char
| string
| cell
LeftKeys
— Left keys
character vector | string scalar | cell array of character vectors | string array
Left keys, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'LeftKeys'
and a character vector, string scalar, cell array of character
vectors, or string array. Specify a character vector or string
scalar to indicate one key. For multiple keys, specify a cell
array of character vectors or a string array. This name-value
pair argument identifies the keys in the left table for the join
to the right table.
Use this name-value pair argument with the 'RightKeys'
name-value pair
argument. Both arguments must specify the same
number of keys. The
sqlouterjoin
function pairs
the values of the keys based on their
order.
Example: 'LeftKeys',["productNumber" "Price"],'RightKeys',["productNumber"
"Price"]
Data Types: char
| string
| cell
RightKeys
— Right keys
character vector | string scalar | cell array of character vectors | string array
Right keys, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'RightKeys'
and a character vector, string scalar, cell array of character vectors, or string array.
Specify a character vector or string scalar to indicate one key. For multiple keys,
specify a cell array of character vectors or a string array. This name-value pair
argument identifies the keys in the right table for the join to the left table.
Use this name-value pair argument with the 'LeftKeys'
name-value pair
argument. Both arguments must specify the same number of keys.
The sqlouterjoin
function pairs the values
of the keys based on their order.
Example: 'LeftKeys',["productIdentifier" "Cost"],'RightKeys',["productNumber"
"Price"]
Data Types: char
| string
| cell
MaxRows
— Maximum number of rows to return
positive numeric scalar
Maximum number of rows to return, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of
'MaxRows'
and a positive numeric scalar. By default, the
sqlouterjoin
function returns all rows from the executed SQL
query. Use this name-value pair argument to limit the number of rows imported into
MATLAB®.
Example: 'MaxRows',10
Data Types: double
Type
— Outer join type
'full'
(default) | 'left'
| 'right'
Outer join type, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of
'Type'
and one of these values:
'full'
— A full join retrieves records that have matching values in the selected column of both tables, and unmatched records from both the left and right tables.'left'
— A left join retrieves records that have matching values in the selected column of both tables, and unmatched records from the left table only.'right'
— A right join retrieves records that have matching values in the selected column of both tables, and unmatched records from the right table only.
You can specify these values as a character vector or string scalar.
Not all databases support all join types. For an unsupported database,
you must use the sqlread
function to import data from both tables into
MATLAB. Then, use the outerjoin
function to
join tables in the MATLAB workspace.
Example: 'Type','left'
VariableNamingRule
— Variable naming rule
"modify"
(default) | "preserve"
Variable naming rule, specified as one of the following:
"modify"
— Remove non-ASCII characters from variable names when thesqlouterjoin
function imports data."preserve"
— Preserve most variable names when thesqlouterjoin
function imports data.
Example: VariableNamingRule="modify"
RowFilter
— Row filter condition
<unconstrained>
(default) | matlab.io.RowFilter
object
Row filter condition, specified as a
matlab.io.RowFilter
object.
Example: rf = rowfilter("productnumber"); rf =
rf.productnumber <= 5;
sqlouterjoin(conn,lefttable,righttable,"RowFilter",rf)
Output Arguments
data
— Joined data
table
Joined data, returned as a table that contains rows matched by keys in the
left and right database tables and the retained unmatched rows.
data
also contains a variable for each column in the
left and right tables.
By default, the variable data types are double
for
columns that have numeric
data types in the database
table. For any text, date
, time
, or
timestamp
data types in the database table, the
variable data type is a cell array of character vectors by default.
If the column names are shared between the joined database tables and have
the same case, then the outerjoin
function adds a
unique suffix to the corresponding variable names in
data
.
The variables in data
that correspond to columns in the
left table contain NULL
values when no matched rows exist
in the right database table. Similarly, the variables that correspond to
columns in the right table contain NULL
values when no
matched rows exist in the left database table.
Limitations
The name-value argument VariableNamingRule
has these limitations:
The
sqlouterjoin
function returns an error if you specify theVariableNamingRule
name-value argument with theSQLImportOptions
objectopts
.When the
VariableNamingRule
name-value argument is set to the value"modify"
:The variable names
Properties
,RowNames
, andVariableNames
are reserved identifiers for thetable
data type.The length of each variable name must be less than the number returned by
namelengthmax
.
Version History
Introduced in R2018aR2023a: Selectively join data based on filter condition
You can use the RowFilter
when joining data from database
tables.
See Also
sqlfind
| sqlread
| sqlinnerjoin
| database
| close
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