## System with Uncertain Parameters

As an example of a closed-loop system with uncertain parameters, consider the two-cart "ACC Benchmark" system [13] consisting of two frictionless carts connected by a spring shown as follows.

ACC Benchmark Problem

The system has the block diagram model shown below, where the individual carts have the respective transfer functions.

$\begin{array}{l}{G}_{1}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{{m}_{1}{s}^{2}}\\ {G}_{2}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{{m}_{2}{s}^{2}}.\end{array}$

The parameters m1, m2, and k are uncertain, equal to one plus or minus 20%:

m1 = 1 ± 0.2
m2 = 1 ± 0.2
k = 1 ± 0.2

"ACC Benchmark" Two-Cart System Block Diagram y1 = P(s) u1

The upper dashed-line block has transfer function matrix F(s):

$F\left(s\right)=\left[\begin{array}{c}0\\ {G}_{1}\left(s\right)\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& -1\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}1\\ -1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& {G}_{2}\left(s\right)\end{array}\right].$

This code builds the uncertain system model P shown above:

m1 = ureal('m1',1,'percent',20);
m2 = ureal('m2',1,'percent',20);
k  = ureal('k',1,'percent',20);

s = zpk('s');
G1 = ss(1/s^2)/m1;
G2 = ss(1/s^2)/m2;

F = [0;G1]*[1 -1]+[1;-1]*[0,G2];
P = lft(F,k);

The variable P is a SISO uncertain state-space (USS) object with four states and three uncertain parameters, m1, m2, and k. You can recover the nominal plant with the command:

zpk(P.nominal)
ans =

1
-------------
s^2 (s^2 + 2)

Continuous-time zero/pole/gain model.

If the uncertain model P(s) has LTI negative feedback controller

$C\left(s\right)=\frac{100{\left(s+1\right)}^{3}}{{\left(0.001s+1\right)}^{3}}$

then you can form the controller and the closed-loop system y1 = T(s) u1 and view the closed-loop system's step response on the time interval from t=0 to t=0.1 for a Monte Carlo random sample of five combinations of the three uncertain parameters k, m1, and m2 using this code:

C=100*ss((s+1)/(.001*s+1))^3; % LTI controller
T=feedback(P*C,1); % closed-loop uncertain system
step(usample(T,5),.1);