Is there any method in Matlab that allows me to work with the application only on that computer?
Sorry, No, Mathworks does not supply any security mechanism accessible to users or programmers. It has its own internal licensing mechanism (Flexera ®) for licensing the interactive MATLAB, and it has an encryption based mechanisms for protecting compiled archives, but neither of those are available to users to protect their own programs or restrict them to certain hosts.
You can, though, program your own tests, of various effectiveness. You will not be able to prevent anyone from using the program on another system, but you can possibly make it so much of a nuisance that they do not care to take the time to get around the restrictions.
For example you could query the hardware information, and exit if it does not match values that you hard-coded into your program.
Each time someone tries to open it, he will be forced to introduce a password that is changing at every opening and only me will know it?
You would require hardware assistance for that, such as using quantum entanglement to instant secure communications back to a central hardware authenatication unit. This is something that has worked in research labs for very small keys and texts, but as far as I know, it is not yet practical due to the difficulties of sustaining extended quantum coherence.
