You could get parts of the way with cellfun and arrayfun, typically in combination with anonymous functions (fcn = @(x) sin(x)). Then there are at least 2 submissions on the file exchange with functional programming tools: functional-programming-constructs and functional-library. Loren also published a series of posts on this: introduction-to-functional-programming-with-anonymous-functions-part-1, should give some good information.
HTH
