tuning parameters of PID using the PSO technique

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to solve the nonlinear, non-differentiable problem such as PID

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to solve the nonlinear, non-differentiable problem. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with other PID tuning methods, the result shows that better performance can be achieved with the model parameter fluctuation.