How to subset an irregular region of the earth from a global dataset using four points

How can I pull out a subset from a dataset named "global_data" using the following four coordinates and then find the average or size?

lat_A=-10;lat_B=-15;lat_C=-13;lat_D=-9;

lon_A=110;lon_B=112;lon_C=117;lon_D=117;

Answer 1

[KSSV]

REad about inpolygon.

[Opeyemi Kehinde]

Thank you, that is helpful.

[Walter Roberson]

Depending on how the data is gridded, you might need to do a coordinate transformation step. For example if the data is UTM then a quadrilateral of lat/long maps to a curved shape in UTM space.

The particular example coordinates of the original question span 6 degrees latitude not so far from the equator, so perhaps for the purpose of the original post, approximation as a rectangle might have been good enough (even if the data did happen to be UTM gridded.)