How to constrain genetic algorithm input u?

My real system (buck converter) can only take an input of 0 to 1 (duty ratio) and I need to constrain the system so the controller action does not go past this. How can I do this?

The code for the project is below, it is steve bruntons genetic algorithm coding. https://youtu.be/S5C_z1nVaSg?t=470

I assume the u variable is the duty ratio but I am not sure.

---------------------------------------------------- First live script with Ga cmd in it-------------------------------------

clear all, close all, clc

dt = 0.000001; % this is 10^-6

PopSize = 30 % was 500

MaxGenerations = 10; %was 1000

s = tf('s');

G = (1439928003.68621)/(s*s+5333.33333333333*s+95995200.2457475) % got this by doing feedback cmd

options = optimoptions(@ga,'PopulationSize',PopSize,'MaxGenerations',MaxGenerations,'OutputFcn',@myfun);

[x,fval] = ga(@(K)pidtest(G,dt,K),3,-eye(3),zeros(3,1),[],[],[],[],[],options);

function J = pidtest(G,dt,parms)

-----------------------------------------------in adjacent live script------------------------------------------------

s = tf('s');

K = parms(1)+ parms(2)/s + parms(3)*s/(1+0.000001*s)% this is 10^-6

Loop = series(K,G);

ClosedLoop = feedback(Loop,1);

t = 0:dt:0.05; % this indicates length of time to show

[y,t] = step(ClosedLoop,t);

CTRLtf = K/(1+K*G);

u = lsim(K,1-y,t); % not sure if this is what I should change

Q = [1]; % Q weighting (couldn't get it so it looked at inductor current also) effecfts response of system?

R = 0.005; % R weighting effects controller action

J = dt*sum(Q*(1-y(:)).^2 + R*u(:).^2) % LQR is my cost function

step(5*ClosedLoop,t)

h = findobj(gcf,'type','line');

set(h,'linewidth',2);

drawnow

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Thanks in advance, if anymore information is desired please ask away.

Answer 1

[Ur rehman Waheed]

I have same question