eqnproblem

Create equation problem

Syntax

prob = eqnproblem

prob = eqnproblem(Name,Value)

Description

Use eqnproblem to create an equation problem.

Tip

For the full workflow, see Problem-Based Workflow for Solving Equations.

prob = eqnproblem creates an equation problem with default properties.

prob = eqnproblem(Name,Value) specifies additional options using one or more name-value pair arguments. For example, you can specify equations when constructing the problem by using the Equations name.

Examples

Solve Nonlinear System of Equations, Problem-Based

To solve the nonlinear system of equations

$$\begin{array}{l}\exp (-\exp (-(x_1+x_2)))=x_2(1+x_1^2)\\ x_1\cos (x_2)+x_2\sin (x_1)=\frac{1}{2}\end{array}$$

using the problem-based approach, first define x as a two-element optimization variable.

x = optimvar('x',2);

Create the first equation as an optimization equality expression.

eq1 = exp(-exp(-(x(1) + x(2)))) == x(2)*(1 + x(1)^2);

Similarly, create the second equation as an optimization equality expression.

eq2 = x(1)*cos(x(2)) + x(2)*sin(x(1)) == 1/2;

Create an equation problem, and place the equations in the problem.

prob = eqnproblem;
prob.Equations.eq1 = eq1;
prob.Equations.eq2 = eq2;

Review the problem.

show(prob)

  EquationProblem : 

	Solve for:
       x


 eq1:
       exp((-exp((-(x(1) + x(2)))))) == (x(2) .* (1 + x(1).^2))

 eq2:
       ((x(1) .* cos(x(2))) + (x(2) .* sin(x(1)))) == 0.5

Solve the problem starting from the point [0,0]. For the problem-based approach, specify the initial point as a structure, with the variable names as the fields of the structure. For this problem, there is only one variable, x.

x0.x = [0 0];
[sol,fval,exitflag] = solve(prob,x0)

Solving problem using fsolve.

Equation solved.

fsolve completed because the vector of function values is near zero
as measured by the value of the function tolerance, and
the problem appears regular as measured by the gradient.

sol = struct with fields:
    x: [2x1 double]

fval = struct with fields:
    eq1: -2.4070e-07
    eq2: -3.8255e-08

exitflag = 
    EquationSolved

View the solution point.

disp(sol.x)

    0.3532
    0.6061

Unsupported Functions Require fcn2optimexpr

If your equation functions are not composed of elementary functions, you must convert the functions to optimization expressions using fcn2optimexpr. For the present example:

ls1 = fcn2optimexpr(@(x)exp(-exp(-(x(1)+x(2)))),x);
eq1 = ls1 == x(2)*(1 + x(1)^2);
ls2 = fcn2optimexpr(@(x)x(1)*cos(x(2))+x(2)*sin(x(1)),x);
eq2 = ls2 == 1/2;

See Supported Operations for Optimization Variables and Expressions and Convert Nonlinear Function to Optimization Expression.

Solve Nonlinear System of Polynomials, Problem-Based

When x is a 2-by-2 matrix, the equation

$${\mathit{x}}^3=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 2\\ 3& 4\end{array}\right]$$

is a system of polynomial equations. Here, $$x^3$$ means $$x*x*x$$ using matrix multiplication. You can easily formulate and solve this system using the problem-based approach.

First, define the variable x as a 2-by-2 matrix variable.

x = optimvar('x',2,2);

Define the equation to be solved in terms of x.

eqn = x^3 == [1 2;3 4];

Create an equation problem with this equation.

prob = eqnproblem('Equations',eqn);

Solve the problem starting from the point [1 1;1 1].

x0.x = ones(2);
sol = solve(prob,x0)

Solving problem using fsolve.

Equation solved.

fsolve completed because the vector of function values is near zero
as measured by the value of the function tolerance, and
the problem appears regular as measured by the gradient.

sol = struct with fields:
    x: [2x2 double]

Examine the solution.

disp(sol.x)

   -0.1291    0.8602
    1.2903    1.1612

Display the cube of the solution.

sol.x^3

ans = 2×2

    1.0000    2.0000
    3.0000    4.0000

Input Arguments

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: prob = eqnproblem('Equations',eqn)

Equations — Problem equations

[] (default) | OptimizationEquality array | structure with OptimizationEquality arrays as fields

Problem equations, specified as an OptimizationEquality array or structure with OptimizationEquality arrays as fields.

Example: sum(x.^2,2) == 4

Description — Problem label

'' (default) | string | character vector

Problem label, specified as a string or character vector. The software does not use Description for computation. Description is an arbitrary label that you can use for any reason. For example, you can share, archive, or present a model or problem, and store descriptive information about the model or problem in Description.

Example: "An iterative approach to the Traveling Salesman problem"

Data Types: char | string

Output Arguments

prob — Equation problem

EquationProblem object

Equation problem, returned as an EquationProblem object. Typically, to complete the problem description, you specify prob.Equations and, for nonlinear equations, an initial point structure. Solve a complete problem by calling solve.

Warning

The problem-based approach does not support complex values in the following: an objective function, nonlinear equalities, and nonlinear inequalities. If a function calculation has a complex value, even as an intermediate value, the final result might be incorrect.

Version History

Introduced in R2019b