Pattern search in matrix

Hello Everyone, I'm just trying to figure out how to search for repeated patterns in a matrix and am unsure how to really do it. I have tried many different methods with no success. I had been able to find the patterns in rows, but not in entire matrices.

Also any help on the clean up of code would be great too!

Here is some examples that may help you understand what I need:

%
%  What I have to begin with:
%
%
%   k = [1 5 9;
%        4 5 6;
%        1 5 2;
%        9 7 6;
%        4 1 5;
%        3 4 7]
%
%     What I want in the end, the patterns unchanged and the rest set to 0:
%
%   k = [1 5 0;
%        4 0 0;
%        1 5 0;
%        4 0 0;
%        0 1 5;
%        0 4 0]
%
%   What I have to begin with:
%
%     n = [1 2 3 6 5;
%          5 8 9 6 2;
%          9 6 2 4 1;
%          6 7 1 2 3;
%          9 5 1 8 2;
%          1 8 4 3 2]
%
%   What I would like to get:
%
%      n = [1 2 3 0 0;
%           0 8 0 0 0;
%           0 0 0 0 0;
%           0 0 1 2 3;
%           0 0 0 8 0;
%           0 0 0 0 0]
%
%   What I have to begin with:
%
p =  [1 2 5 8 4 2 1 2 5 6;
    8 5 7 2 6 2 4 1 2 5;
    9 4 2 6 7 5 3 1 5 1;
    8 4 5 6 9 1 4 2 5 6;
    5 6 2 5 5 7 8 9 5 6;
    5 1 2 2 4 2 6 7 4 8;
    9 5 1 4 1 5 6 3 1 2;
    6 9 8 7 4 5 8 7 4 1;
    6 5 7 4 2 1 5 7 7 1;
    8 4 2 6 6 1 4 2 6 1;
    3 6 5 9 7 4 1 5 3 2]
%
%   What I would like to get:
%
%       p =  [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 4 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 5 7 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 4 2 6 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 5 7 0 0 0 5 7 0 0;
%             0 4 2 6 0 0 4 2 6 0;
%             0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0]

%Using this code I can find the row patterns, but it only isolates what in a row.

%the searchsize will show row patterns of that size, this example, 3
searchsize = 3;
s = unique(p(:));
z = [];
%this first for loop searches and make matrix z of unique row snips
for j = 1:size(p,1)
    for k = 1:(size(p,2)-(searchsize-1))
        use = p(j,((k):((searchsize-1)+k)));
        z = [use; z];
    end
end
zz = unique(z,'rows');
out  = [];
%This for loop counts the unique snips made in the first for loop
for m = 1:size(zz,1)
    count = sum(ismember(z,zz(m,:),'rows'));
    out(m,:) = [zz(m,:) count];
end
sortedout = sortrows(out,-(searchsize+1));
l = sum(sortedout(:,(searchsize+1))>3);
lookfor = sortedout((1:l)',:);

%This for loop makes an new matrix putting 0 in the unwanted areas...
b = 1;
for j = 1:size(p,1)
    for k = 1:(size(p,2)-(searchsize-1))
        use = p(j,((k):((searchsize-1)+k)));
        if ismember(use,lookfor(:,1:searchsize),'rows')
            new(b,:) = {use j ((k):((searchsize-1)+k))};
            b = b + 1;
        end
    end
end
val = 1:searchsize;
[R C] = size(p);
newp = zeros(R,C);
for j = 1:(b-1)
    nums = new{j,1};
    row = new{j,2};
    cols = new{j,3};
    s = 1;
    for col = cols
        newp(row,col) = nums(val(s));
        s = s + 1;
    end
end
newp

%   What I get so far for p:
%
%    newp =  [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 4 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 4 2 6 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
%             0 4 2 6 0 0 4 2 6 0;
%             0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]

Any help, advice or suggestions are very welcome, please help! Thank you!

[Star Strider]

This is not at all clear, at least to me.

Taking for example matrix k (and forgetting everything else just now), it seems you’re searching for row patterns of either [1 5] or 4. However, the original k(4,:) = [9 7 6] but your desired output for k(4,:) = [4 0 0].

You need to clarify what you want.

[Chris E.]

Well that is the thing, I'm not trying to search for only row patterns, I'm trying to find 2d patterns in matrices. The pattern is [1 5; 4 :] where ":" is a value that does not repeat in the pattern so I do not care about it.

The pattern is:

1 5
4

Not

1 5 and 4

    %   k = [1 5 9;
    %        4 5 6;
    %        1 5 2;
    %        9 7 6;
    %        4 1 5;
    %        3 4 7]
    %
    %     What I want in the end, the patterns unchanged and the rest set to 0:
    %
    %   k = [1 5 0;
    %        4 0 0;
    %        1 5 0;
    %        4 0 0;
    %        0 1 5;
    %        0 4 0]

I hope that answers your question, Thanks!

Answer 1

[Image Analyst]

Looking for patterns is what normalized cross correlation is meant for. There's even a function for it built in to the Image Processing Toolbox. If you have that toolbox, then you can use the demo I've attached below the image.

[Chris E.]

Unfortunately I do not have the Image Processing Toolbox. Well I think your right, it can be look at as an image, but it may not have enough "pixels" or I think the image will look like static mostly (except for the repeating pattern), I'm not sure how well it will pick up, but I will look into it and see if it will help.

The end result will be a mx6 so m rows and 6 columns always where m is somewhere in the thousands. I do not know if the imaging code will work with that, but I don't see why I can't try... But if it does then I will have to look into it for sure!

Thank you though! Any and all suggestions or help is appreciated!

[per isakson]

Search the fex for normalized cross correlation

[Chris E.]

Thanks! I think that will work...

[Image Analyst]

Just be careful with indexes though because, as you probably know with any convolution or correlation, as you slide the window completely along the input, the output will be as large as the input plus the window width, because even though the center of the window is off the array, some distant part of the window is still overlapped with the input array, so the output is larger. You can do it, just be careful with indexes so you know what is where.