comm.QPSKDemodulator

Demodulate using QPSK method

Description

The QPSKDemodulator object demodulates a signal that was modulated using the quadrature phase shift keying method. The input is a baseband representation of the modulated signal.

To demodulate a signal that was modulated using quadrature phase shift keying:

1. Define and set up your QPSK demodulator object. See Construction.

2. Call step to demodulate the signal according to the properties of comm.QPSKDemodulator. The behavior of step is specific to each object in the toolbox.

Note

Starting in R2016b, instead of using the step method to perform the operation defined by the System object™, you can call the object with arguments, as if it were a function. For example, y = step(obj,x) and y = obj(x) perform equivalent operations.

Construction

H = comm.QPSKDemodulator creates a demodulator System object, H. This object demodulates the input signal using the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) method.

H = comm.QPSKDemodulator(Name,Value) creates a QPSK demodulator object, H, with each specified property set to the specified value. You can specify additional name-value pair arguments in any order as (Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN).

H = comm.QPSKDemodulator(PHASE,Name,Value) creates a QPSK demodulator object, H. This object has the PhaseOffset property set to PHASE, and the other specified properties set to the specified values.

Properties

PhaseOffset	Phase of zeroth point in constellation Specify the phase offset of the zeroth point in the constellation, in radians, as a real scalar value. The default is pi/4.
BitOutput	Output data as bits Specify whether the output consists of groups of bits or integer symbol values. When you set this property to true, the step method outputs a column vector of bit values with length equal to twice the number of demodulated symbols. When you set this property to false, the step method outputs a column vector with length equal to the input data vector. This vector contains integer symbol values between 0 and 3. The default is false.
SymbolMapping	Constellation encoding Specify how the object maps an integer or group of 2 bits to the corresponding symbol as one of Binary | Gray. The default is Gray. When you set this property to Gray, the object uses a Gray-encoded signal constellation. When you set this property to Binary, the integer m, between $$0\le m\le 3$$ maps to the complex value exp(j$$\times$$PhaseOffset + j$$\times$$$$2\pi \times \raisebox{1ex}{$m$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$4$}\right.$$).
DecisionMethod	Demodulation decision method Specify the decision method the object uses as Hard decision | Log-likelihood ratio | Approximate log-likelihood ratio. The default is Hard decision. When you set the BitOutput property to false, the object always performs hard decision demodulation. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true.
VarianceSource	Source of noise variance Specify the source of the noise variance as one of Property | Input port. The default is Property. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio.
Variance	Noise variance Specify the variance of the noise as a positive, real scalar value. The default is 1. If this value is very small (i.e., SNR is very high), log-likelihood ratio (LLR) computations may yield Inf or -Inf. This result occurs because the LLR algorithm computes the exponential of very large or very small numbers using finite-precision arithmetic. In such cases, use approximate LLR is because that option's algorithm does not compute exponentials. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to true, the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio, and the VarianceSource property to Property.This property is tunable.
OutputDataType	Data type of output Specify the output data type as Full precision | Smallest unsigned integer | double | single | int8 | uint8 | int16 | uint16 | int32 | uint32. The default is Full precision. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to false. The property also applies when you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Hard decision. In this second case, when the OutputDataType property is set to Full precision, and the input data type is single or double precision, the output data has the same as that of the input. When the input data is of a fixed-point type, the output data type behaves as if you had set the OutputDataType property to Smallest unsigned integer. When you set BitOutput to true and the DecisionMethod property to Hard Decision, then logical data type becomes a valid option. When you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Log-likelihood ratio or Approximate log-likelihood ratio, the output data type is the same as that of the input. In this case, that data type can only be single or double precision.

 Fixed-Point Properties

DerotateFactorDataType

Data type of derotate factor Specify derotate factor data type as one of Same word length as input | Custom. The default is Same word length as input. This property applies when you set the BitOutput property to false. The property also applies when you set the BitOutput property to true and the DecisionMethod property to Hard decision. The object uses the derotate factor in the computations only when the step method input is a fixed-point type and the PhaseOffset property has a value that is not an even multiple of pi/4.

CustomDerotateFactorDataType

Fixed-point data type of derotate factor Specify the derotate factor fixed-point type as an unscaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object with a signedness of Auto. The default is numerictype([],16). This property applies when you set the DerotateFactorDataType property to Custom.

Methods

step	Demodulate using QPSK method

Common to All System Objects
release	Allow System object property value changes

Examples

Plot QPSK Reference Constellation

Create a QPSK modulator.

mod = comm.QPSKModulator;

Determine the reference constellation points.

refC = constellation(mod)

refC = 4×1 complex

   0.7071 + 0.7071i
  -0.7071 + 0.7071i
  -0.7071 - 0.7071i
   0.7071 - 0.7071i

Plot the constellation.

constellation(mod)

Create a PSK demodulator having 0 phase offset.

demod = comm.QPSKDemodulator('PhaseOffset',0);

Plot its reference constellation. The constellation method works for both modulator and demodulator objects.

constellation(demod)

BER Estimate of QPSK Signal

Create a QPSK modulator and demodulator pair that operate on bits.

qpskModulator = comm.QPSKModulator('BitInput',true);
qpskDemodulator = comm.QPSKDemodulator('BitOutput',true);

Create an AWGN channel object and an error rate counter.

channel = comm.AWGNChannel('EbNo',4,'BitsPerSymbol',2);
errorRate = comm.ErrorRate;

Generate random binary data and apply QPSK modulation.

data = randi([0 1],1000,1);
txSig = qpskModulator(data);

Pass the signal through the AWGN channel and demodulate it.

rxSig = channel(txSig);
rxData = qpskDemodulator(rxSig);

Calculate the error statistics. Display the BER.

errorStats = errorRate(data,rxData);

errorStats(1)

ans = 0.0100

Algorithms

This object implements the algorithm, inputs, and outputs described on the QPSK Demodulator Baseband block reference page. The object properties correspond to the block parameters.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

See System Objects in MATLAB Code Generation (MATLAB Coder).

HDL Code Generation

Generate Verilog and VHDL code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

double and single data types are supported for simulation, but not for HDL code generation.

To generate HDL code from predefined System objects, see HDL Code Generation from Viterbi Decoder System Object (HDL Coder).