interpn
Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded data in ndgrid format
Syntax
Description
returns
interpolated values of a function of n variables
at specific query points using linear interpolation. The results always
pass through the original sampling of the function. Vq
= interpn(X1,X2,...,Xn
,V
,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
)X1,X2,...,Xn
contain
the coordinates of the sample points. V
contains
the corresponding function values at each sample point. Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
contain
the coordinates of the query points.
assumes a default grid of sample points. The default grid consists of the
points, 1,2,3,...ni in each dimension. The value of
ni is the length of the ith dimension in
Vq
= interpn(V
,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
)V
. Use this syntax when you want to conserve memory and
are not concerned about the absolute distances between points.
also
specifies Vq
= interpn(___,method
,extrapval
)extrapval
, a scalar value that is assigned
to all queries that lie outside the domain of the sample points.
If you omit the extrapval
argument for queries
outside the domain of the sample points, then based on the method
argument interpn
returns
one of the following:
The extrapolated values for the
'spline'
and'makima'
methodsNaN
values for other interpolation methods
Examples
1-D Interpolation
Define the sample points and values.
x = [1 2 3 4 5]; v = [12 16 31 10 6];
Define the query points, xq
, and interpolate.
xq = (1:0.1:5);
vq = interpn(x,v,xq,'cubic');
Plot the result.
figure plot(x,v,'o',xq,vq,'-'); legend('Samples','Cubic Interpolation');
2-D Interpolation
Create a set of grid points and corresponding sample values.
[X1,X2] = ndgrid((-5:1:5)); R = sqrt(X1.^2 + X2.^2)+ eps; V = sin(R)./(R);
Interpolate over a finer grid using ntimes=1
.
Vq = interpn(V,'cubic');
mesh(Vq);
Interpolate Two Sets of 2-D Sample Values
Create a grid of 2-D sample points using ndgrid
.
[x,y] = ndgrid(0:10,0:5);
Create two different sets of sample values at the sample points and concatenate them as pages in a 3-D array. Plot the two sets of sample values against the sample points. Because surf
uses meshgrid
format for grids, transpose the inputs for plotting.
v1 = sin(x.*y)./(x+1); v2 = x.*erf(y); V = cat(3,v1,v2); tiledlayout(1,2) nexttile surf(x',y',V(:,:,1)') view(2) nexttile surf(x',y',V(:,:,2)') view(2)
Create a set of query points for interpolation using ndgrid
and then use interpn
to find the values of each function at the query points. Plot the interpolated values against the query points.
[xq,yq] = ndgrid(0:0.2:10); Vq = interpn(x,y,V,xq,yq); tiledlayout(1,2) nexttile surf(xq',yq',Vq(:,:,1)') view(2) nexttile surf(xq',yq',Vq(:,:,2)') view(2)
Evaluate Outside Domain of 3-D Function
Create the grid vectors, x1
, x2
, and x3
. These vectors define the points associated with the values in V
.
x1 = 1:100; x2 = 1:50; x3 = 1:30;
Define the sample values to be a 100-by-50-by-30 array of random numbers, V
.
rng default
V = rand(100,50,30);
Evaluate V
at three points outside the domain of x1
, x2
, and x3
. Specify extrapval = -1
.
xq1 = [0 0 0];
xq2 = [0 0 51];
xq3 = [0 101 102];
vq = interpn(x1,x2,x3,V,xq1,xq2,xq3,'linear',-1)
vq = 1×3
-1 -1 -1
All three points evaluate to -1
because they are outside the domain of x1
, x2
, and x3
.
4-D Interpolation
Define an anonymous function that represents .
f = @(x,y,z,t) t.*exp(-x.^2 - y.^2 - z.^2);
Create a grid of points in . Then, pass the points through the function to create the sample values, V
.
[x,y,z,t] = ndgrid(-1:0.2:1,-1:0.2:1,-1:0.2:1,0:2:10); V = f(x,y,z,t);
Now, create the query grid.
[xq,yq,zq,tq] = ...
ndgrid(-1:0.05:1,-1:0.08:1,-1:0.05:1,0:0.5:10);
Interpolate V
at the query points.
Vq = interpn(x,y,z,t,V,xq,yq,zq,tq);
Create a movie to show the results.
figure; nframes = size(tq, 4); for j = 1:nframes slice(yq(:,:,:,j),xq(:,:,:,j),zq(:,:,:,j),... Vq(:,:,:,j),0,0,0); clim([0 10]); M(j) = getframe; end movie(M);
Input Arguments
X1,X2,...,Xn
— Sample grid points
arrays | vectors
Sample grid points, specified as real arrays or vectors. The sample grid points must be unique.
If
X1,X2,...,Xn
are arrays, then they contain the coordinates of a full grid (in ndgrid format). Use thendgrid
function to create theX1,X2,...,Xn
arrays together. These arrays must be the same size.If
X1,X2,...,Xn
are vectors, then they are treated as grid vectors. The values in these vectors must be strictly monotonic, either increasing or decreasing.
Example: [X1,X2,X3,X4] = ndgrid(1:30,-10:10,1:5,10:13)
Data Types: single
| double
V
— Sample values
array
Sample values, specified as a real or complex array. The size requirements for
V
depend on the size of the grid of sample points
defined by X1,X2,...,Xn
. The sample points
X1,X2,...,Xn
can be arrays or grid vectors, but in
both cases they define an n-dimensional grid.
V
must be an array that at least has the same
n dimension sizes, but it also can have extra
dimensions beyond n:
If
V
also hasn
dimensions, then the size ofV
must match the size of the n-dimensional grid defined byX1,X2,...,Xn
. In this case,V
contains one set of sample values at the sample points. For example, ifX1,X2,X3
are 3-by-3-by-3 arrays, thenV
can also be a 3-by-3-by-3 array.If
V
has more thann
dimensions, then the firstn
dimensions ofV
must match the size of the n-dimensional grid defined byX1,X2,...,Xn
. The extra dimensions inV
define extra sets of sample values at the sample points. For example, ifX1,X2,X3
are 3-by-3-by-3 arrays, thenV
can be a 3-by-3-by-3-by-2 array to define two sets of sample values at the sample points.
If V
contains complex numbers, then interpn
interpolates
the real and imaginary parts separately.
Example: rand(10,5,3,2)
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
— Query points
scalars | vectors | arrays
Query points, specified as real scalars, vectors, or arrays.
If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are scalars, then they are the coordinates of a single query point in Rn.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are vectors of different orientations, thenXq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are treated as grid vectors in Rn.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are vectors of the same size and orientation, thenXq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are treated as scattered points in Rn.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are arrays of the same size, then they represent either a full grid of query points (inndgrid
format) or scattered points in Rn.
Example: [X1,X2,X3,X4] = ndgrid(1:10,1:5,7:9,10:11)
Data Types: single
| double
k
— Refinement factor
1
(default) | real, nonnegative, integer scalar
Refinement factor, specified as a real, nonnegative, integer
scalar. This value specifies the number of times to repeatedly divide
the intervals of the refined grid in each dimension. This results
in 2^k-1
interpolated points between sample values.
If k
is 0
, then Vq
is
the same as V
.
interpn(V,1)
is the same as interpn(V)
.
The following illustration depicts k=2
in R2.
There are 72 interpolated values in red and 9 sample values in black.
Example: interpn(V,2)
Data Types: single
| double
method
— Interpolation method
'linear'
(default) | 'nearest'
| 'pchip'
| 'cubic'
| 'spline'
| 'makima'
Interpolation method, specified as one of the options in this table.
Method | Description | Continuity | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
'linear' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on linear interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. This is the default interpolation method. | C0 |
|
'nearest' | The interpolated value at a query point is the value at the nearest sample grid point. | Discontinuous |
|
'pchip' | Shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation (for 1-D only). The interpolated value at a query point is based on a shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points. | C1 |
|
'cubic' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic convolution. | C1 |
|
'makima' | Modified Akima cubic Hermite interpolation. The interpolated value at a query point is based on a piecewise function of polynomials with degree at most three evaluated using the values of neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The Akima formula is modified to avoid overshoots. | C1 |
|
'spline' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic spline using not-a-knot end conditions. | C2 |
|
extrapval
— Function value outside domain of X1,X2,...,Xn
scalar
Function value outside domain of X1,X2,...,Xn
,
specified as a real or complex scalar. interpn
returns
this constant value for all points outside the domain of X1,X2,...,Xn
.
Example: 5
Example: 5+1i
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
Output Arguments
Vq
— Interpolated values
scalar | vector | array
Interpolated values, returned as a real or complex scalar, vector, or array. The size and
shape of Vq
depends on the syntax you use and, in some
cases, the size and value of the input arguments.
If you specify sample points with
X1,X2,...,Xn
, or use the default grid, andV
has the same number of dimensions as the n-dimensional grid of sample points, thenVq
contains a single set of interpolated values at the query points defined byXq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are scalars, thenVq
is a scalar.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are vectors of the same size and orientation, thenVq
is a vector with the same size and orientation.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are grid vectors of mixed orientation, thenVq
is an array with the same size as the grid implicitly defined by the grid vectors.If
Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
are arrays of the same size, thenVq
is an array with the same size.
If you specify sample points with
X1,X2,...,Xn
, or use the default grid, andV
has more dimensions than the n-dimensional grid of sample points, thenVq
contains multiple sets of interpolated values at the query points defined byXq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
. In this case, the first n dimensions ofVq
follow the size rules for a single set of interpolated values above, butVq
also has the same extra dimensions asV
with the same sizes.With the syntaxes
interpn(V)
andinterpn(V,k)
, the interpolation is performed by subdividing the default gridk
times (wherek=1
forinterpn(V)
). In this case,Vq
is an array with the same number of dimensions asV
where the size of the ith dimension is2^k * (size(V,i)-1)+1
.
More About
Strictly Monotonic
A set of values that are always increasing
or decreasing, without reversals. For example, the sequence, a
= [2 4 6 8]
is strictly monotonic and increasing. The sequence, b
= [2 4 4 6 8]
is not strictly monotonic because there is
no change in value between b(2)
and b(3)
.
The sequence, c = [2 4 6 8 6]
contains a reversal
between c(4)
and c(5)
, so it
is not monotonic at all.
Full Grid (in ndgrid Format)
For interpn
, the full
grid consists of n arrays, X1,X2,...,Xn
,
whose elements represent a grid of points in Rn.
The ith array, Xi
, contains strictly monotonic,
increasing values that vary most rapidly along the ith dimension.
Use the ndgrid
function
to create a full grid that you can pass to interpn
.
For example, the following code creates a full grid in R2 for
the region, 1 ≤ X1 ≤ 3, 1≤ X2 ≤
4.
[X1,X2] = ndgrid(-1:3,(1:4))
X1 = -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 X2 = 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Grid Vectors
For interpn
, grid vectors
consist of n vectors of mixed-orientation that
define the points of a grid in Rn.
For example, the following code creates the grid vectors in R3 for the region, 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 3, 4 ≤ x2 ≤ 5, and 6 ≤x3≤ 8:
x1 = 1:3; x2 = (4:5)'; x3 = 6:8;
Scattered Points
For interpn
, scattered
points consist of n arrays or vectors, Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn
,
that define a collection of points scattered in Rn.
The i
th array, Xi
, contains
the coordinates in the i
th dimension.
For example, the following code specifies the points, (1, 19, 10), (6, 40, 1), (15, 33, 22), and (0, 61, 13) in R3.
Xq1 = [1 6; 15 0]; Xq2 = [19 40; 33 61]; Xq3 = [10 1; 22 13];
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Usage notes and limitations:
For best results, provide
X1,X2,...,Xn
as vectors. The values in these vectors must be strictly monotonic and increasing.Code generation does not support the
'makima'
interpolation method.The interpolation method must be a constant character vector.
Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool
or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool
.
This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.
GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
The interpn
function
supports GPU array input with these usage notes and limitations:
A maximum of five dimensions is supported.
X1,X2,...,Xn
must have dimensions consistent withV
.method
must be'linear'
or'nearest'
.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
Usage notes and limitations:
X1,X2,...,Xn
must have dimensions consistent withV
.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions with Distributed Arrays (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Version History
Introduced before R2006aR2021a: Interpolate multiple data sets simultaneously
Support added to interpolate multiple data sets on the same grid at the same query
points. For example, if you specify a 2-D grid, a 3-D array of values at the grid
points, and a 2-D collection of query points, then interpn
returns the interpolated values at the query points for each 2-D page in the 3-D
array of values.
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