tabularTextDatastore
Datastore for tabular text files
Description
Use a TabularTextDatastore object to manage large
collections of text files containing column-oriented or tabular data where the
collection does not necessarily fit in memory. Tabular data is data that is arranged in
a rectangular fashion with each row having the same number of entries. You can create a
TabularTextDatastore object using the
tabularTextDatastore function, specify its properties, and then
import and process the data using object functions.
Creation
Description
ttds = tabularTextDatastore(location)location.
ttds = tabularTextDatastore(location,Name,Value)ttds using one or more name-value
pair arguments. For example,
tabularTextDatastore(location,"FileExtensions",[".txt",".csv"])
creates a datastore from only the files in location with
extensions .txt and .csv.
Input Arguments
Files or folders to include in the datastore, specified as one of these values:
FileSetobject — Specifying the location as aFileSetobject leads to a faster construction time for datastores compared to specifying a path orDsFileSetobject. For more information, seematlab.io.datastore.FileSet.DsFileSetobject — For more information, seematlab.io.datastore.DsFileSet.File path — You can specify a single file path as a string scalar or character vector. You can specify multiple file paths as a string array or cell array of character vectors.
Files or folders can be local or remote:
Local files or folders — If the files are not in the current folder, then specify full or relative paths. Files within subfolders of a specified folder are not automatically included in the datastore. You can use the wildcard character (*) when specifying the local path. This character specifies that the datastore include all matching files or all files in the matching folders.
Remote files or folders — Specify full paths to remote files or folders as a uniform resource locator (URL) of the form
hdfs:///. Internet URLs must include the protocol typepath_to_file"http://"or"https://". Specify multiple remote files using wildcard characters anywhere in the URL (since R2025a). For more information, see Work with Remote Data.
When you specify a folder, the datastore includes only
files with supported file formats and ignores files with any other
format. To specify a custom list of file extensions to include in your
datastore, see the FileExtensions name-value
argument.
The tabularTextDatastore function supports files
with .txt, .csv,
.dat, .dlm,
.asc, and .text extensions as
well as files with no extension.
Example: "file1.csv"
Example: "../dir/data/file1"
Example: ["C:\dir\data\file1.csv","C:\dir\data\file2.dat"]
Example: "C:\dir\data\*.text"
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is
the argument name and Value is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Example: ttds =
tabularTextDatastore("C:\dir\textdata",FileExtensions=[".csv",".txt"])
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name in quotes.
Example: ttds =
tabularTextDatastore("C:\dir\textdata","FileExtensions",[".csv",".txt"])
Text file extensions, specified as the comma-separated pair
consisting of "FileExtensions" and a character
vector, cell array of character vectors, string scalar, or string
array. The specified extensions do not require a supported format.
If you want to include unsupported extensions, then specify all
extensions. Use empty quotes "" to represent
files without extensions.
Example: "FileExtensions",".txt"
Example: "FileExtensions",[".text",".csv"]
Data Types: char | cell | string
Subfolder inclusion flag, specified as the name-value argument
consisting of "IncludeSubfolders" and
true, false, 0, or 1.
Specify true to include all files and subfolders
within each folder or false to include only the
files within each folder.
When you do not specify "IncludeSubfolders",
then the default value is false.
Example: "IncludeSubfolders",true
Data Types: logical | double
Output datatype, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"OutputType" and one of these values:
The value of OutputType determines the data type returned by the preview, read, and readall functions. Use this option in conjunction with the
"RowTimes" name-value pair to return timetables from
TabularTextDatastore.
Example: "OutputType","timetable"
Data Types: char | string
Alternate file system root paths, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"AlternateFileSystemRoots" and a string vector or a cell array. Use
"AlternateFileSystemRoots" when you create a datastore on a local
machine, but need to access and process the data on another machine (possibly of a different
operating system). Also, when processing data using the Parallel Computing Toolbox™ and the MATLAB®
Parallel Server™, and the data is stored on your local machines with a copy of the data available
on different platform cloud or cluster machines, you must use
"AlternateFileSystemRoots" to associate the root paths.
To associate a set of root paths that are equivalent to one another, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"as a string vector. For example,["Z:\datasets","/mynetwork/datasets"]
To associate multiple sets of root paths that are equivalent for the datastore, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"as a cell array containing multiple rows where each row represents a set of equivalent root paths. Specify each row in the cell array as either a string vector or a cell array of character vectors. For example:Specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"as a cell array of string vectors.{["Z:\datasets", "/mynetwork/datasets"];... ["Y:\datasets", "/mynetwork2/datasets","S:\datasets"]}Alternatively, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"as a cell array of cell array of character vectors.{{'Z:\datasets','/mynetwork/datasets'};... {'Y:\datasets', '/mynetwork2/datasets','S:\datasets'}}
The value of "AlternateFileSystemRoots" must satisfy these conditions:
Contains one or more rows, where each row specifies a set of equivalent root paths.
Each row specifies multiple root paths and each root path must contain at least two characters.
Root paths are unique and are not subfolders of one another.
Contains at least one root path entry that points to the location of the files.
For more information, see Set Up Datastore for Processing on Different Machines or Clusters.
Example: ["Z:\datasets","/mynetwork/datasets"]
Data Types: string | cell
Output data type of text variables, specified as the
comma-separated pair consisting of "TextType" and
either "char" or "string". If
the output table from the read,
readall, or preview
functions contains text variables, then
"TextType" specifies the data type of those
variables for TabularTextDatastore. If
"TextType" is "char", then
the output is a cell array of character vectors. If
"TextType" is "string",
then the output has type string.
Data Types: char | string
Type for imported date and time data, specified as the
comma-separated pair consisting of "DatetimeType"
and one of these values: "datetime" or
"text".
| Value | Type for Imported Date and Time Data |
|---|---|
"datetime" | MATLAB
For more information, see |
"text" | If
|
If the specified TextscanFormats
property contains a %D, then the
tabularTextdatastore ignores the value
specified in DatetimeType.
Example: "DatetimeType","datetime"
Data Types: char | string
Output data type of duration data, specified as the name-value
argument consisting of "DurationType" and either
"duration" or "text".
| Value | Type for Imported Duration Data |
|---|---|
"duration" | MATLAB
For more information, see |
"text" | If
|
Data Types: char | string
Locale to interpret dates, specified as a character vector or
string scalar. The DatetimeLocale value
determines how the importing function interprets text that
represents dates and times.
When specifying the DatetimeLocale, use the
form
xx_YYxx is a lowercase ISO 639-1
two-letter code that specifies a language, and
YY is an uppercase ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
code that specifies a country.
This table lists some common values for the locale.
| Locale | Language | Country |
|---|---|---|
"de_DE" | German | Germany |
"en_GB" | English | United Kingdom |
"en_US" | English | United States |
"es_ES" | Spanish | Spain |
"fr_FR" | French | France |
"it_IT" | Italian | Italy |
"ja_JP" | Japanese | Japan |
"ko_KR" | Korean | Korea |
"nl_NL" | Dutch | Netherlands |
"zh_CN" | Chinese (simplified) | China |
Note
The Locale value determines how input
values are interpreted. The display format and language is
specified by the Locale option
in the Datetime format section
of the Settings window. To change the default datetime locale,
see Modify Command Window Settings.
Data Types: char | string
In addition to these name-value pairs, you also can specify the properties on
this page as name-value pairs, with the exception of the
Files property.
Properties
TabularTextDatastore properties describe the files
associated with a TabularTextDatastore object. Specifically, the
properties describe the format of the data in the files and control how the data should
be read from the datastore. When you create a TabularTextDatastore
object, the datastore function uses the first file in the Files
property to determine the values of the properties. With the exception of the
Files property, you can specify the value of
TabularTextDatastore properties using name-value pair arguments
when you create the datastore object. To view or modify a property after creating the
object, use the dot notation:
ds = tabularTextDatastore("airlinesmall.csv"); ds.TreatAsMissing = "NA"; ds.MissingValue = 0;
File Properties
Files included in the datastore, resolved as a cell array of character
vectors or a string array, where each character vector or string is a
full path to a file. The location argument in the
tabularTextDatastore and
datastore functions define these files.
The first file specified by the Files property
determines the variable names and format information for all files in
the datastore.
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Example: {"C:\dir\data\mydata1.csv";"C:\dir\data\mydata2.csv"}
Data Types: cell | string
File encoding, specified as a character vector or a string scalar like one of these values.
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If each file in the datastore fits into memory, then
FileEncoding also can be one of these
values.
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When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Data Types: char | string
Read variable names, specified as a logical true or
false.
If unspecified, the
tabularTextDatastorefunction detects the presence of variable names automatically.If
true, then the first nonheader row of the first file determines the variable names for the data.If
false, then the first nonheader row of the first file contains the first row of data. The data is assigned default variable names,Var1,Var2, and so on.
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Data Types: logical
Flag to preserve variable names, specified as either "modify" or
"preserve".
"modify"— Convert invalid variable names (as determined by theisvarnamefunction) to valid MATLAB identifiers."preserve"— Preserve variable names that are not valid MATLAB identifiers such as variable names that include spaces and non-ASCII characters.
Starting in R2019b, variable names and row names can include any characters, including
spaces and non-ASCII characters. Also, they can start with any characters, not just
letters. Variable and row names do not have to be valid MATLAB identifiers (as determined by the isvarname function). To preserve these variable names and row names, set
the value of VariableNamingRule to "preserve".
Variable names are not refreshed when the value of VariableNamingRule
is changed from "modify" to "preserve".
Data Types: char | string
Names of variables in the datastore, specified as a cell array of
character vectors or a string array. Specify the variable names in the
order in which they appear in the files. If you do not specify the
variable names, they are detected from the first nonheader line in the
first file of the datastore. When modifying the
VariableNames property, the number of new
variable names must match the number of original variable names.
To support invalid MATLAB identifiers as variable names, such as variable names
containing spaces and non-ASCII characters, set the value of the
VariableNamingRule parameter to
"preserve".
If ReadVariableNames is false,
then VariableNames defaults to
{"Var1","Var2", ...}.
Example: {"Time","Name","Quantity"}
Data Types: cell | string
Text Format Properties
Number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file, specified as a
nonnegative integer. If unspecified, the
tabularTextDatastore function detects the number
of lines to skip automatically.
The tabularTextDatastore function ignores the
specified number of header lines before reading the variable names or
data.
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Data Types: double
Field delimiter characters, specified as a character vector, cell
array of character vectors, string scalar, or string array. Specify
multiple delimiters in a cell array of character vectors or a string
array. If unspecified, the tabularTextDatastore
function detects the delimiter automatically.
Example: "|"
Example: {";","*"}
Repeated delimiter characters in a file are interpreted as separate delimiters with empty fields between them. If unspecified, the read function detects the delimiter automatically by default.
When you specify one of the following escape sequences as a delimiter, it is converted to the corresponding control character.
\b | Backspace |
\n | Newline |
\r | Carriage return |
\t | Tab |
\\ | Backslash (\) |
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Data Types: char | cell | string
Row delimiter character, specified as a character vector or string
scalar that must be either a single character or one of
"\r", "\n", or
"\r\n".
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Example: ":"
Data Types: char | string
Text to treat as missing values, specified as a single character
vector, cell array of character vectors, string scalar, or string array.
Values specified as TreatAsMissing are substituted
with the value defined in the MissingValue property.
For instance, if MissingValue is defined to be a
NaN, and the TreatAsMissing is
specified as "NA". Then, in the imported data, all
occurrences of "NA" are replaced by
NaN.
This option only applies to numeric fields. Also, this property is
equivalent to the TreatAsEmpty name-value pair
argument for the textscan function.
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Example: "NA"
Example: {"-",""}
Data Types: char | cell | string
Value for missing numeric fields in delimited text files, specified as
a scalar. This property is equivalent to the
EmptyValue name-value pair argument for the
textscan function.
Data Types: double
Advanced Text Format Properties
Data field format, specified as a cell array of character vectors or a string array, where each character vector or string contains one conversion specifier.
When you specify or modify the TextscanFormats
property, you can use the same conversion specifiers that the textscan function
accepts for the formatSpec argument. Valid values for
TextscanFormats include conversion specifiers
that skip fields using an asterisk (*) character and ones that skip
literal text. The number of conversion specifiers must match the number
of variables in the VariableNames property.
If the value of
TextscanFormatsincludes conversion specifiers that skip fields using asterisk characters (*), then the value of theSelectedVariableNamesproperty automatically updates. MATLAB uses the%*qconversion specifier to skip fields omitted by theSelectedVariableNamesproperty and treats the field contents as literal character vectors. For fixed-width files, indicate a skipped field using the appropriate conversion specifier along with the field width. For example,%*52cskips a field that contains 52 characters.If you do not specify a value for
TextscanFormats, thendatastoredetermines the format of the data fields by scanning text from the first nonheader line in the first file of the datastore.Starting in R2020b,
datastoredetects prefixed literals as hexadecimal and binary data. Previously,datastoredetected prefixed literals as text data.
Example: {"%s","%s","%f"}
Data Types: cell | string
Exponent characters, specified as a character vector or string scalar.
The default exponent characters are e,
E, d, and
D.
Data Types: char | string
Comment character used to distinguish comments in the file, specified as character vector, string scalar, or two-element string or cell array.
If you specify a character vector or string scalar, then all following text on the same line are interpreted as a comment. For example,
"CommentStyle","/*"interprets all text after/*on the same line as a comment.If you specify a two-element string vector or a two-element cell array containing character vectors, then all text between the two characters are interpreted as a comment. For example,
"CommentStyle",{"/*", "*/"}interprets all text between"/*"and"*/"as a comment.
When reading from a TabularTextDatastore, the
read function checks for comments only at the
start of each field, not within a field.
When you change the value of this property, the
datastore function reevaluates the values of the
TabularTextDatastore properties.
Example: "CommentStyle",{"/*", "*/"}
Data Types: char | cell | string
White-space characters, specified as a character vector or a string scalar of one or more characters.
When you specify one of the following escape sequences as any
white-space character, the datastore function
converts that sequence to the corresponding control character.
\b | Backspace |
\n | Newline |
\r | Carriage return |
\t | Tab |
\\ | Backslash (\) |
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Example: " \b\t"
Data Types: char | string
Multiple delimiter handling, specified as either
true or false. If
true, then datastore treats
consecutive delimiters as a single delimiter. Repeated delimiters
separated by white-space are also treated as a single delimiter.
When you change the value of this property, the datastore function
reevaluates the values of the TabularTextDatastore
properties.
Properties for preview, read, readall Table
Variables to read from the file, specified as a cell array of character vectors or a string array, where each character vector or string contains the name of one variable. You can specify the variable names in any order.
To support invalid MATLAB identifiers as variable names, such as variable names
containing spaces and non-ASCII characters, set the value of the
VariableNamingRule parameter to
"preserve".
Example: ["Var3","Var7","Var4"]
Data Types: cell | string
Formats of the selected variables to read, specified as a cell array
of character vectors or a string array, where each character vector or
string contains one conversion specifier. The variables to read are
indicated by the SelectedVariableNames property. The
number of character vectors or strings in
SelectedFormats must match the number of
variables to read.
You can use the same conversion specifiers that the
textscan function accepts, including specifiers
that skip literal text. However, you cannot use a conversion specifier
that skips a field. That is, the conversion specifier cannot include an
asterisk character (*).
Example: ["%d","%d"]
Data Types: cell | string
Amount of data to read in a call to the read function, specified as a
positive scalar or "file".
If
ReadSizeis a positive integer, then each call toreadreads at mostReadSizerows.If
ReadSizeis"file", then each call toreadreads all of the data in one file.
When you change ReadSize from a numeric scalar to "file"
or vice versa, MATLAB resets the datastore to the state where no data has been read from
it.
Data Types: double | char | string
Output data type of text variables, specified as
"char" or "string".
TextType specifies the data type of text
variables formatted with %s, %q,
or [...].
If
TextTypeis"char", then the output is a cell array of character vectors.If
TextTypeis"string", then the output has typestring.
Data Types: char | string
Name of row times variable, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"RowTimes" and a variable name (such as
"Date") or a variable index (such as 3).
RowTimes is a timetable-related parameter. Each row of a timetable is
associated with a time, which is captured in a time vector for the timetable. The
variable specified in RowTimes must contain a
datetime or a duration vector.
If the value of "OutputType" is "timetable", but you do
not specify "RowTimes", then TabularTextDatastore uses the
first datetime or duration variable as the row
times for the timetable.
Properties for use by writeall
This property is read-only.
Folders used to construct datastore, returned as a cell array of
character vectors. The cell array is oriented as a column vector. Each
character vector is a path to a folder that contains data files. The
location argument in the
tabularTextDatastore and
datastore functions defines
Folders when the datastore is created.
The Folders property is reset when you modify the
Files property of a
TabularTextDatastore object.
Data Types: cell
This property is read-only.
Formats supported for writing, returned as a row vector of strings. This property
specifies the possible output formats when using writeall
to write output files from the datastore.
This property is read-only.
Default output format, returned as a string scalar. This property specifies the default format
when using writeall
to write output files from the datastore.
Data Types: string
Object Functions
hasdata | Determine if data is available to read |
numpartitions | Number of datastore partitions |
partition | Partition a datastore |
preview | Preview subset of data in datastore |
read | Read data in datastore |
readall | Read all data in datastore |
writeall | Write datastore to files |
reset | Reset datastore to initial state |
transform | Transform datastore |
combine | Combine data from multiple datastores |
isPartitionable | Determine whether datastore is partitionable |
isSubsettable | Determine whether datastore is subsettable |
isShuffleable | Determine whether datastore is shuffleable |
Examples
Using either a FileSet object or a file path, create a datastore from the sample file airlinesmall_subset.csv. Specify how to treat missing values. Select only variables of interest.
Create a FileSet object from the file airlinesmall_subset.csv. Create a datastore where values of "NA" are treated as missing and missing values are treated as 0.
fs = matlab.io.datastore.FileSet("airlinesmall_subset.csv"); ds = tabularTextDatastore(fs,"TreatAsMissing","NA",... "MissingValue",0);
View the variables in the datastore.
ds.VariableNames
ans = 1×19 cell
{'Year'} {'Month'} {'DayofMonth'} {'DayOfWeek'} {'DepTime'} {'CRSDepTime'} {'ArrTime'} {'CRSArrTime'} {'UniqueCarrier'} {'FlightNum'} {'TailNum'} {'ActualElapsedTime'} {'CRSElapsedTime'} {'AirTime'} {'ArrDelay'} {'DepDelay'} {'Origin'} {'Dest'} {'Distance'}
Modify the SelectedVariableNames property to specify the variables of interest.
ds.SelectedVariableNames = ["Year","Month","TailNum"];
Alternatively, you can specify the location of your data as a file path.
ds = tabularTextDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.csv");Using either location format, you can also specify your variables of interest when you create the datastore.
ds = tabularTextDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.csv","TreatAsMissing","NA",... "MissingValue",0,"SelectedVariableNames",["Year","Month","TailNum"]);
Create a datastore from the sample file airlinesmall_subset.csv, which contains tabular data.
ds = tabularTextDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.csv","TreatAsMissing","NA",... "MissingValue",0);
Specify the variables of interest.
ds.SelectedVariableNames = ["Year","Month","UniqueCarrier"];
View the SelectedFormats property.
ds.SelectedFormats
ans = 1×3 cell
{'%f'} {'%f'} {'%q'}
The SelectedFormats property specifies how the tabularTextDatastore function interprets the format of the variables. The Year and Month variables are read as columns of floating-point values and the UniqueCarrier variable as a column of text.
Modify the SelectedFormats property to read the first two variables as signed integers and the third variable as a categorical value.
ds.SelectedFormats = ["%d","%d","%C"];
Preview the data.
T = preview(ds)
T=8×3 table
Year Month UniqueCarrier
____ _____ _____________
1996 1 HP
1996 1 HP
1996 1 HP
1996 1 HP
1996 1 US
1996 1 US
1996 1 US
1996 1 NW
Use the OutputType and RowTimes name-value pairs to make tabulartextDatastore return timetables instead of tables.
Create a datastore for outages.csv. Specify the "OutputType" name-value pair as "timetable".
ttds = tabularTextDatastore("outages.csv","OutputType","timetable"); preview(ttds)
ans=8×5 timetable
OutageTime Region Loss Customers RestorationTime Cause
________________ _____________ ______ __________ ________________ ___________________
2002-02-01 12:18 {'SouthWest'} 458.98 1.8202e+06 2002-02-07 16:50 {'winter storm' }
2003-01-23 00:49 {'SouthEast'} 530.14 2.1204e+05 NaT {'winter storm' }
2003-02-07 21:15 {'SouthEast'} 289.4 1.4294e+05 2003-02-17 08:14 {'winter storm' }
2004-04-06 05:44 {'West' } 434.81 3.4037e+05 2004-04-06 06:10 {'equipment fault'}
2002-03-16 06:18 {'MidWest' } 186.44 2.1275e+05 2002-03-18 23:23 {'severe storm' }
2003-06-18 02:49 {'West' } 0 0 2003-06-18 10:54 {'attack' }
2004-06-20 14:39 {'West' } 231.29 NaN 2004-06-20 19:16 {'equipment fault'}
2002-06-06 19:28 {'West' } 311.86 NaN 2002-06-07 00:51 {'equipment fault'}
When you do not also specify 'RowTimes', tabularTextDatastore uses the first datetime or duration variable as the row times. In this case, the OutageTime variable is used for the row times.
Specify the 'RowTimes' option to use the restoration times (RestorationTime variable) as the row times, instead of the time of the power outages.
ttds = tabularTextDatastore("outages.csv","OutputType","timetable","RowTimes","RestorationTime"); preview(ttds)
ans=8×5 timetable
RestorationTime Region OutageTime Loss Customers Cause
________________ _____________ ________________ ______ __________ ___________________
2002-02-07 16:50 {'SouthWest'} 2002-02-01 12:18 458.98 1.8202e+06 {'winter storm' }
NaT {'SouthEast'} 2003-01-23 00:49 530.14 2.1204e+05 {'winter storm' }
2003-02-17 08:14 {'SouthEast'} 2003-02-07 21:15 289.4 1.4294e+05 {'winter storm' }
2004-04-06 06:10 {'West' } 2004-04-06 05:44 434.81 3.4037e+05 {'equipment fault'}
2002-03-18 23:23 {'MidWest' } 2002-03-16 06:18 186.44 2.1275e+05 {'severe storm' }
2003-06-18 10:54 {'West' } 2003-06-18 02:49 0 0 {'attack' }
2004-06-20 19:16 {'West' } 2004-06-20 14:39 231.29 NaN {'equipment fault'}
2002-06-07 00:51 {'West' } 2002-06-06 19:28 311.86 NaN {'equipment fault'}
Limitations
Datetime data containing day, month, or time zone names in a language foreign to the
en_USlocale are not supported. For unrecognized datetime formats, specify the format using theTextscanFormatsparameter.MATLAB does not support internet URLs that require authentication.
MATLAB Online™ supports internet URLs associated with Microsoft® OneDrive™ files and folders, while the installed version of MATLAB supports only local OneDrive files.
Version History
Introduced in R2014bYou can create a datastore from multiple remote files. Specify multiple remote files using wildcard characters anywhere in the URL.
You can read data from primary online sources by performing datastore operations over an internet URL.
MATLAB Command
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Run the command by entering it in the MATLAB Command Window. Web browsers do not support MATLAB commands.
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