dsp.FIRFilter

Static or time-varying FIR filter

Description

The dsp.FIRFilter System object™ filters each channel of the input using static or time-varying FIR filter implementations.

To filter each channel of the input:

1. Create the dsp.FIRFilter object and set its properties.

2. Call the object with arguments, as if it were a function.

To learn more about how System objects work, see What Are System Objects?

Under specific conditions, this System object also supports SIMD code generation. For details, see Code Generation.

Creation

Syntax

fir = dsp.FIRFilter

fir = dsp.FIRFilter(num)

fir = dsp.FIRFilter(Name,Value)

Description

fir = dsp.FIRFilter returns a finite impulse response (FIR) filter object, fir, which independently filters each channel of the input over time using a specified FIR filter implementation.

fir = dsp.FIRFilter(num) returns an FIR filter System object, fir, with the Numerator property set to num.

fir = dsp.FIRFilter(Name,Value) returns an FIR filter System object, fir, with each property set to the specified value.

Properties

Unless otherwise indicated, properties are nontunable, which means you cannot change their values after calling the object. Objects lock when you call them, and the release function unlocks them.

If a property is tunable, you can change its value at any time.

For more information on changing property values, see System Design in MATLAB Using System Objects.

Structure — Filter structure

Direct form (default) | Direct form symmetric | Direct form antisymmetric | Direct form transposed | Lattice MA

Specify the filter structure. You can specify the filter structure as one of Direct form | Direct form symmetric | Direct form antisymmetric | Direct form transposed | Lattice MA.

NumeratorSource — Source of filter coefficients

Property (default) | Input port

Specify the source of the filter coefficients as Property or Input port. When you specify Input port, the filter object updates the time-varying filter once every frame.

Dependencies

This applies when you set the Structure to Direct form | Direct form symmetric | Direct form antisymmetric | Direct form transposed.

ReflectionCoefficientsSource — Source of filter coefficients

Property (default) | Input port

Specify the source of the Lattice filter coefficients as Property or Input port. When you specify Input port, the filter object updates the time-varying filter once every frame.

Dependencies

This applies when you set the Structure to Lattice MA.

Numerator — Numerator coefficients

[0.5 0.5] (default) | row vector

Specify the filter coefficients as a real or complex numeric row vector.

Tunable: Yes

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the NumeratorSource property to Property, and the Structure property is set to Direct form, Direct form symmetric, Direct form antisymmetric, or Direct form transposed.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64
Complex Number Support: Yes

ReflectionCoefficients — Reflection coefficients of lattice filter structure

[0.5 0.5] (default) | row vector

Specify the reflection coefficients of a lattice filter as a real or complex numeric row vector.

Tunable: Yes

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the Structure property to Lattice MA, and the ReflectionCoefficientsSource property to Property.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64
Complex Number Support: Yes

InitialConditions — Initial conditions for the FIR filter

0 (default) | scalar | vector | matrix

Specify the initial conditions of the filter states. The number of states or delay elements equals the number of reflection coefficients for the lattice structure, or the number of filter coefficients–1 for the other direct form structures.

You can specify the initial conditions as a scalar, vector, or matrix. If you specify a scalar value, the FIR filter object initializes all delay elements in the filter to that value. If you specify a vector whose length equals the number of delay elements in the filter, each vector element specifies a unique initial condition for the corresponding delay element. The object applies the same vector of initial conditions to each channel of the input signal.

If you specify a vector whose length equals the product of the number of input channels and the number of delay elements in the filter, each element specifies a unique initial condition for the corresponding delay element in the corresponding channel.

If you specify a matrix with the same number of rows as the number of delay elements in the filter, and one column for each channel of the input signal, each element specifies a unique initial condition for the corresponding delay element in the corresponding channel.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

Fixed-Point Properties

FullPrecisionOverride — Full precision override for fixed-point arithmetic

true (default) | false

Specify whether to use full precision rules. If you set FullPrecisionOverride to true, which is the default, the object computes all internal arithmetic and output data types using full precision rules. These rules provide the most accurate fixed-point numerics. It also turns off the display of other fixed-point properties because they do not apply individually. These rules guarantee that no quantization occurs within the object. Bits are added, as needed, to ensure that no roundoff or overflow occurs. If you set FullPrecisionOverride to false, fixed-point data types are controlled through individual fixed-point property settings. For more information, see Full Precision for Fixed-Point System Objects.

RoundingMethod — Rounding method for fixed-point operations

Floor (default) | Ceiling | Convergent | Nearest | Round | Simplest | Zero

Specify the rounding method.

Dependencies

This property applies only if the object is not in full precision mode.

OverflowAction — Overflow action for fixed-point operations

Wrap (default) | Saturate

Specify the overflow action as Wrap or Saturate.

Dependencies

This property applies only if the object is not in full precision mode.

CoefficientsDataType — Coefficients word and fraction lengths

Same word length as input (default) | Custom

Specify the coefficients fixed-point data type as Same word length as input or Custom.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the NumeratorSource property to Property.

CustomCoefficientsDataType — Custom coefficients word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,16,15) (default) | numerictype

Specify the coefficients fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the CoefficientsDataType property to Custom.

ReflectionCoefficientsDataType — Reflection coefficients word and fraction lengths

Same word length as input (default) | Custom

Specify the reflection coefficients fixed-point data type as Same word length as input or Custom.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the ReflectionCoefficientsSource property to Property.

CustomReflectionCoefficientsDataType — Custom reflection coefficients word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,16,15) (default) | numerictype

Specify the reflection coefficients fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the ReflectionCoefficientsDataType property to Custom.

ProductDataType — Product word and fraction lengths

Full precision (default) | Same as input | Custom

Specify the product fixed-point data type as Full precision, Same as input, or Custom.

CustomProductDataType — Custom product word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,32,30) (default) | numerictype

Specify the product fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned scaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the ProductDataType property to Custom.

AccumulatorDataType — Accumulator word and fraction lengths

Full precision (default) | Same as input | Same as product | Custom

Specify the accumulator fixed-point data type to Full precision, Same as input, Same as product, or Custom.

CustomAccumulatorDataType — Custom accumulator word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,32,30) (default) | numerictype

Specify the accumulator fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned scaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the AccumulatorDataType property to Custom.

StateDataType — State word and fraction lengths

Same as accumulator (default) | Same as input | Custom

Specify the state fixed-point data type as one of Same as input, Same as accumulator, or Custom.

Dependencies

This property does not apply to any of the direct form or direct form I filter structures.

CustomStateDataType — Custom state word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,16,15) (default) | numerictype

Specify the state fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned scaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the StateDataType property to Custom.

OutputDataType — Output word and fraction lengths

Same as accumulator (default) | Same as input | Custom

Specify the output fixed-point data type as one of Same as input, Same as accumulator, or Custom.

CustomOutputDataType — Custom output word and fraction lengths

numerictype(true,16,15) (default) | numerictype

Specify the output fixed-point type as a signed or unsigned scaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object.

Dependencies

This property applies when you set the OutputDataType property to Custom.

Usage

Syntax

y = fir(x)

y = fir(x,coeff)

Description

y = fir(x) applies an FIR filter to the real or complex input signal x to produce the output y.

y = fir(x,coeff) uses the time-varying coefficients, coeff , to filter the input signal x and produce the output y . You can use this option when you set the NumeratorSource or ReflectionCoefficientsSource property to Input port.

Input Arguments

x — Data input

vector | matrix

Data input, specified as a vector or a matrix. When the input data is of a fixed-point type, it must be signed when the structure is set to Direct form symmetric or Direct form antisymmetric. The FIR filter object operates on each channel of the input signal independently over successive calls to the object.

This System object supports variable-size input.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | fi
Complex Number Support: Yes

coeff — Filter coefficients

row vector

Time-varying filter coefficients, specified as a row vector. The data and coefficient inputs must have the same data type.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | fi
Complex Number Support: Yes

Output Arguments

y — Filtered output

vector | matrix

Filtered output, returned as a vector or a matrix. The output has the same size and data type as the input.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | fi
Complex Number Support: Yes

Object Functions

To use an object function, specify the System object as the first input argument. For example, to release system resources of a System object named obj, use this syntax:

release(obj)

Specific to dsp.FIRFilter

freqz	Frequency response of discrete-time filter System object
fvtool	Visualize frequency response of DSP filters
impz	Impulse response of discrete-time filter System object
info	Information about filter System object
coeffs	Returns the filter System object coefficients in a structure
cost	Estimate cost of implementing filter System object
grpdelay	Group delay response of discrete-time filter System object
generatehdl	Generate HDL code for quantized DSP filter (requires Filter Design HDL Coder)

Common to All System Objects

step	Run System object algorithm
release	Release resources and allow changes to System object property values and input characteristics
reset	Reset internal states of System object

Examples

Lowpass Filter a Sinusoid Signal Using FIRFilter object

Use an FIR filter to apply a low pass filter to a waveform with two sinusoidal components.

 t = (0:1000)'/8e3;
 xin = sin(2*pi*0.3e3*t)+sin(2*pi*3e3*t);
 
 sr = dsp.SignalSource;
 sr.Signal = xin;
 sink = dsp.SignalSink;

 fir = dsp.FIRFilter(fir1(10,0.5));

sa = spectrumAnalyzer(...
    'SampleRate',8e3,...
    'Method','welch',...
    'PlotAsTwoSidedSpectrum',false,...
    'OverlapPercent',80,...
    'SpectrumUnits','dBW',...
    'YLimits',[-150 -10]);

 while ~isDone(sr)
      input = sr();
      filteredOutput = fir(input);
      sink(filteredOutput);
      sa(filteredOutput)
 end

 filteredResult = sink.Buffer;
 fvtool(fir,'Fs',8000)

Design an FIR filter as a System object.

N = 10;  
Fc = 0.4;
B = fir1(N,Fc);
fir1 = dsp.FIRFilter(B);
fvtool(fir1)

This can also be achieved by using fdesign as a constructor and design to design the filter.

N = 10;  
Fc = 0.4;
specLowpass = fdesign.lowpass('N,Fc',...
    N,Fc);
fir2 = design(specLowpass,...
    'systemobject',true)

fir2 = 
  dsp.FIRFilter with properties:

            Structure: 'Direct form'
      NumeratorSource: 'Property'
            Numerator: [-1.2414e-18 -0.0126 -0.0247 0.0635 0.2748 0.3981 ... ]
    InitialConditions: 0

  Show all properties

fvtool(fir2);

Algorithms

This object implements the algorithm, inputs, and outputs described on the Discrete FIR Filter (Simulink) block reference page. The object properties correspond to the block parameters.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• Only the Numerator property is tunable for code generation.

• See System Objects in MATLAB Code Generation (MATLAB Coder).

The dsp.FIRFilter System object supports SIMD code generation using Intel AVX2 technology under these conditions:

• Filter structure is set to 'Direct form' or 'Direct form transposed'.

• Input signal is real-valued with real filter coefficients.

• Input signal is complex-valued with real or complex filter coefficients.

• Input signal has a data type of single or double.

The SIMD technology significantly improves the performance of the generated code.

HDL Code Generation

Generate Verilog and VHDL code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

This object supports HDL code generation with the HDL Coder™ or Filter Design HDL Coder™ products. For HDL Coder workflow and limitations, see HDL Code Generation for System Objects (HDL Coder). For Filter Design HDL Coder workflow and limitations, see Generate HDL Code for Filter System Objects (Filter Design HDL Coder).

Version History

Introduced in R2012a