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# PS Integrator

Integrate physical signal

• Library:
• Simscape / Foundation Library / Physical Signals / Linear Operators

## Description

The PS Integrator block outputs the integral of its input at the current time step. The following equation represents the output of the block:

`$y\left(t\right)=\underset{{t}_{0}}{\overset{t}{\int }}u\left(t\right)dt+{y}_{0}$`

where:

• u is the physical signal at input port I.

• y0 is the initial condition.

• y is the physical signal at output port O.

• t is time.

The PS Integrator block is a dynamic system with one state, its output. The input of the PS Integrator block is the time derivative of the state:

`$x=y\left(t\right)$`
`${x}_{0}={y}_{0}$`
`$\stackrel{˙}{x}=u\left(t\right)$`

The solver computes the output of the PS Integrator block at the current time step by using the current input value and the value of the state at the previous time step. The PS Integrator block saves its output at the current time step for the solver to use to compute the output at the next time step. The block also provides the solver with an initial condition to use to compute the initial state of the block at the beginning of a simulation run. The default value of the initial condition is 0 s. You can specify another value for the initial condition as either a block parameter or an input signal:

• To define the initial condition as a block parameter, specify the Initial condition source parameter as `Internal` and enter the value and unit for the Initial condition parameter.

• To provide the initial condition from an external source, specify the Initial condition source parameter as `External`. Selecting this option exposes port X0. Connect the external initial condition signal to this port.

Because the block performs integration of the input signal over time, the unit of the output signal equals the unit of the input signal multiplied by the unit of time, s. For example, if the input signal is in `m/s`, then the output signal is in `m`. The unit specified for the Initial condition parameter or the unit of the external initial condition signal at port X0 must be commensurate with the unit of the output signal.

### Resetting the State

The block can reset its state to the specified initial condition based on an external signal. By default, the External reset parameter is set to `None`. To cause the block to reset its state, select one of the other External reset choices:

• Select `Rising` to reset the state when the reset signal rises from a negative or zero value to a positive value.

• Select `Falling` to reset the state when the reset signal falls from a positive value to a zero or negative value.

• Select `Either` to reset the state when the reset signal changes from zero to a nonzero value, from a nonzero value to zero, or changes sign.

Selecting any of these options exposes a trigger port, R. Connect the reset physical signal to this port.

### Limiting the Output

The block can function as a limited integrator, holding its output within the specified saturation bounds:

• When the integral is less than or equal to the lower saturation limit, the block holds the output at the lower saturation limit.

• When the integral is between the lower saturation limit and the upper saturation limit, the output is the integral.

• When the integral is greater than or equal to the upper saturation limit, the block holds the output at the upper saturation limit.

Use the Limit output parameter to specify whether to limit the output at the lower bound, upper bound, or both. The Limit output source parameter provides two ways of specifying the upper and lower bounds:

• `Internal` — Define the saturation bounds using the Upper limit and Lower limit parameters.

• `External` — Define the saturation bounds using the external physical signals at ports U and L.

## Ports

### Input

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Input physical signal.

The port name is not visible in the block icon, but you can see this name in the underlying source file by clicking the Source code link in the Description tab of the block dialog box.

Reset physical signal. Depending on the External reset parameter value, the block resets the output to the initial condition on the rising edge, falling edge, or both the rising and the falling edge of the reset signal.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, set the External reset parameter to `Rising`, `Falling`, or `Either`.

Physical signal input port that specifies the initial condition of the block. The unit of this signal must be commensurate with the unit of the output signal, y.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, set the Initial condition source parameter to `External`.

Physical signal input port that specifies the upper saturation bound for the block output. The unit of this signal must be commensurate with the unit of the output signal, y.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, set the Limit output parameter to `Upper` or `Both` and the Limit output source parameter to `External`.

Physical signal input port that specifies the lower saturation bound for the block output. The unit of this signal must be commensurate with the unit of the output signal, y.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, set the Limit output parameter to `Lower` or `Both` and the Limit output source parameter to `External`.

### Output

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Output physical signal.

The port name is not visible in the block icon, but you can see this name in the underlying source file by clicking the Source code link in the Description tab of the block dialog box.

## Parameters

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You can specify that the block resets its state to the specified initial condition based on an external signal. By default, the block does not reset its state. Setting this parameter to an option other than `None` exposes the input port R. Depending on the parameter value, the block resets its state on the rising edge, falling edge, or both the rising and the falling edge of the reset signal.

You can specify the initial condition of the block as either a block parameter or an input signal:

• `Internal` — Define the initial condition for integration using the Initial condition parameter.

• `External` — Define the initial condition for integration using the external physical signal at port X0.

You can specify upper and lower bounds for the output signal and cause the block to function as a limited integrator:

• `None` — Do not limit the output.

• `Upper` — Limit the output at the upper bound.

• `Lower` — Limit the output at the lower bound.

• `Upper` — Limit the output both at the upper and the lower bound.

For more information, see Limiting the Output.

Select the way to specify the upper and lower bounds when limiting output:

• `Internal` — Define the saturation bounds using the Upper limit and Lower limit parameters.

• `External` — Define the saturation bounds using the external physical signals at ports U and L.

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Limit output parameter to a value other than `None`.

Initial condition to use in computing the initial state of the block at the beginning of a simulation run.

The unit specified for the Initial condition parameter must match the unit of the output signal. By default, the input signal is unitless. Then the output signal is in `s`, and the Initial condition parameter unit is also `s`. If your input signal has a physical unit, multiply this unit by a unit of time to set the correct unit for the Initial condition parameter. For example, if the input signal is in `m/s`, then specify the Initial condition parameter unit as `m`.

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Initial condition source to `Internal`.

Upper saturation limit for the block output. The unit specified for the Upper limit parameter must match the unit of the output signal.

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Limit output parameter to `Upper` or `Both` and the Limit output source parameter to `Internal`.

Lower saturation limit for the block output. The unit specified for the Lower limit parameter must match the unit of the output signal.

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Limit output parameter to `Lower` or `Both` and the Limit output source parameter to `Internal`.

## Version History

Introduced in R2007a

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